Fig. 5.

Effect of perinatal VD deficiency on mesenchymal markers of alveolar differentiation. Decrease in lipofibroblastic differentiation (PPARγ, red fluorescence) and increase in myogenic differentiation [α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), red fluorescence; calponin, green fluorescence; and vimentin, green fluorescence] in the VD-deficient group, compared with the 500 IU/kg cholecalciferol-supplemented group, were also confirmed by immunostaining on lung sections from these conditions (n = 4; representative immunostaining blots are shown).