Table 3.

Mtb H37Rv genes involved in the biogenesis of phthiocerol dimycocerosates, phenolic glycolipids and p-hydroxybenzoic acids.

Gene number	Gene name	Function	Evidence	Reference
Rv2928	tesA	Type II thioesterase thought to be involved in the release of phthiocerol and phenolphthiocerol from PpsE in the biosynthesis of PDIM and PGL	P	[230, 238, 239]
Rv2930	fadD26	Long-chain fatty acyl-AMP ligase providing PpsA with activated long-chain fatty acid starter units for the generation of phthiocerol in the biosynthesis of PDIM	P	[167, 229, 236, 244]
Rv2931	ppsA	Type 1 polyketide synthase responsible with PpsB-C-D-E for the elongation of C22–C24 fatty acids and p-hydroxyphenylalkanoates with malonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA to yield phthiocerol and phenolphthiocerol derivatives, respectively	E,P	[235, 244]
Rv2932	ppsB	Type 1 polyketide synthase responsible with PpsA-C-D-E for the elongation of C22–C24 fatty acids and p-hydroxyphenylalkanoates with malonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA to yield phthiocerol and phenolphthiocerol derivatives, respectively	E,P	[235, 244, 349]
Rv2933	ppsC	Type 1 polyketide synthase responsible with PpsA-B-D-E for the elongation of C22–C24 fatty acids and p-hydroxyphenylalkanoates with malonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA to yield phthiocerol and phenolphthiocerol derivatives, respectively	P	[235, 349]
Rv2934	ppsD	Type 1 polyketide synthase responsible with PpsA-B-C-E for the elongation of C22–C24 fatty acids and p-hydroxyphenylalkanoates with malonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA to yield phthiocerol and phenolphthiocerol derivatives, respectively	P	[235]
Rv2935	ppsE	Type 1 polyketide synthase responsible with PpsA-B-C-D for the elongation of C22–C24 fatty acids and p-hydroxyphenylalkanoates with malonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA to yield phthiocerol and phenolphthiocerol derivatives, respectively	E,P	[235, 244]
Rv2936	drrA	Component of the DrrABC ABC-transporter involved in the translocation of PDIM (and PGL?) across the plasma membrane; ATP-binding protein	P	[350]
Rv2937	drrB	Component of the DrrABC ABC-transporter involved in the translocation of PDIM (and PGL?) across the plasma membrane; integral membrane protein	P	[230, 350]
Rv2938	drrC	Component of the DrrABC ABC-transporter involved in the translocation of PDIM (and PGL?) across the plasma membrane; integral membrane protein	P	[229]
Rv2939	papA5	Acyltransferase responsible for the transfer of mycocerosic acids to phthiocerol to form PDIM	E,P	[244, 351, 352]
Rv2940c	mas	Mycocerosic acid synthase (type I polyketide synthase) involved in the biosynthesis of PDIM and PGL	E,P	[240–244]
Rv2941	fadD28	Long chain fatty acyl-AMP ligase responsible for providing the long-chain fatty acid starter unit to Mas for the generation of mycocerosic acids	E,P	[167, 229, 235, 245, 246]
Rv2942	mmpL7	RND superfamily inner membrane transporter involved in PDIM translocation to the periplasm (and PGL?)	P	[229, 235, 252]
Rv2945	lppX	Lipoprotein involved in the transport of PDIM (and PGL?) to the cell surface	P	[253]
Rv2946c	pks1	Together with Pks15, type I polyketide synthase involved in the elongation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives with malonyl-CoA to form p-hydroxyphenylalkanoates (precursors of PGL)	P	[223]
Rv2947c	pks15	Together with Pks1, type I polyketide synthase involved in the elongation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives with malonyl-CoA to form p-hydroxyphenylalkanoates (precursors of PGL)	P	[223]
Rv2948c	fadD22	p-hydroxybenzoyl-AMP ligase involved in the biosynthesis of PGL; catalyzes the activation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and its subsequent transfer onto Pks15/1 for the production of p-hydroxyphenylalkanoates	E,P	[236, 353, 354]
Rv2949c		p-hydroxybenzoic acid synthase	E,P	[237]
Rv2950c	fadD29	Fatty acyl-AMP ligase involved in the biosynthesis of PGL; catalyzes the activation of hydroxyphenylalkanoates which are then transferred onto PpsA to yield phenolphthiocerol	E,P	[236]
Rv2951c		Ketoreductase catalyzing the reduction of (phenol)phthiodiolone to yield (phenol)phthiotriol in the biosynthesis of PDIM and PGL	P	[355, 356]
Rv2952		SAM-dependent O-methyltransferase involved in the formation of (phenol)phthiocerol dimycocerosates from (phenol)phthiodiolone dimycocerosates. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group to the third hydroxyl group of (phenol)phthiotriol in PDIM and glycosylated phenolphthiotriol dimycocerosates	P	[247, 356]
Rv2953		Enoyl-reductase acting in concert with PpsD in the biosynthesis of the (phenol)phthiocerol moiety of PDIM and PGL	P	[357]
Rv2954c		SAM-dependent methyltransferase responsible for the O-methylation of the hydroxyl group at position 3 of the fucosyl residue of PGL (and possibly p-HBAD)	P	[249]
Rv2955c		SAM-dependent methyltransferase responsible for the O-methylation of the hydroxyl group at position 4 of the fucosyl residue of PGL (and possibly p-HBAD)	P	[249]
Rv2956		SAM-dependent methyltransferase responsible for the O-methylation of the hydroxyl group at position 2 of the fucosyl residue of PGL and (and possibly p-HBAD)	P	[249]
Rv2957		Fucosyltransferase responsible for the transfer of the third glycosyl residue of the triglycosyl appendage of PGL and p-HBAD	P	[248]
Rv2958c		Rhamnosyltransferase responsible for the transfer of the second rhamnosyl residue of the triglycosyl appendage of PGL and p-HBAD	P	[248]
Rv2959c		SAM-dependent methyltransferase responsible for the O-methylation of the hydroxyl group at position 2 of the rhamnosyl residue linked to the phenolic group of PGL and p-HBAD	P	[247]
Rv2962c		Rhamnosyltransferase responsible for the transfer of a rhamnosyl residue onto p-hydroxybenzoic ethyl ester and/or phenolphthiocerol dimycocerosates	P	[248]

E,P,H: see Table 1 legend.