Table 1. The detailed characteristics of all eligible studies for MTHFR C677T polymorphism.
| MTHFR C677T | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children | Mother | |||||||||||||||||
| Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | |||||||||||||||
| Study | Year | Country (Ethnicity **) | CC | CT | TT | CC | CT | TT | HWE | CC | CT | TT | CC | CT | TT | HWE | Methods | Main types of CHD *</p> |
| Junker et al | 2001 | Germany (C) | 52 | 42 | 21 | 129 | 78 | 21 | 0.087 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCR-RFLP | PS, HLHS, CoA, AVS, d-TGA, ASD, VSD, AVSD, TOF, PDA, DIV, PA, TA, Ebstein's Anomaly. |
| Wenstrom et al | 2001 | USA(90% C) | 17 | 8 | 1 | 104 | 9 | 3 | 0.006 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCR-RFLP | HLV, HRV, CoA, PS, PA, TA, LVA, Atrioventricular Canal, Truncus Arteriosus, DORA, ASD, VSD. |
| Liu et al | 2002 | China (A) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 15 | 3 | 0.068 | PCR-RFLP | VSD ASD, TOF, PDA, Single Atrium/Ventricle |
| Storti et al | 2003 | Italy (C) | 28 | 55 | 20 | 52 | 108 | 40 | 0.259 | 27 | 53 | 23 | 52 | 108 | 40 | 0.259 | PCR-RFLP | VSD,TOF, DORV, PA, d-TGA, AC |
| Nurk et al | 2004 | Norway (C) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12 | 12 | 1 | 7165 | 6037 | 1282 | 0.842 | RT-PCR | Congenital Anomalies Heart |
| Li et al | 2005 | China (A) | 32 | 94 | 61 | 20 | 57 | 25 | 0.320 | 32 | 90 | 61 | 20 | 57 | 25 | 0.320 | PCR-RFLP | VSD, ASD, PDA, TOF, |
| LEE et al | 2005 | China (A) | 110 | 89 | 14 | 114 | 68 | 13 | 0.556 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCR-DHPLC | AP Window, ASD, CoA, PS, DILV, DORV, ECD, IAA, LAI, PA, PDA, RAI, TGA, TOF, VSD. |
| Shaw et al | 2005 | USA (C) | 69 | 68 | 16 | 180 | 202 | 52 | 0.753 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ARRAY | TOF, d-TGA, Truncus Arteriosus, DORV, PA, VSD, AP-Window |
| Hobbs et al | 2006 | USA (C) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 127 | 118 | 30 | 48 | 56 | 14 | 0.841 | SEQUENCE | Nonsyndromic Septal, Conotruncal, or right- or left-sided ObstructiveHeart Defect |
| Zhu et al | 2006 | China (A) | 7 | 22 | 27 | 22 | 57 | 24 | 0.328 | 6 | 27 | 23 | 20 | 57 | 25 | 0.320 | PCR-RFLP | ASD, PDA |
| Zhong et al | 2006 | China (A) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 67 | 33 | 15 | 76 | 34 | 5 | 0.558 | PCR-RFLP | Congenital Heart Disease |
| van Beynum et al | 2006 | Netherlands (C) | 79 | 66 | 20 | 98 | 104 | 18 | 0.216 | 72 | 68 | 18 | 131 | 107 | 23 | 0.881 | PCR-RFLP | TOF, VSD, Truncus Arteriosus, TGA, AP-Window, TVA, AVSD, PS, AS, HLHS, CoA, PDA, |
| Galdieri et al | 2007 | Brazil (M) | 30 | 21 | 7 | 18 | 14 | 6 | 0.286 | 27 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 1 | 0196 | PCR-RFLP | Congenital Heart Defects |
| Wintner et al | 2007 | Austria (C) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 16 | 12 | 3 | 10 | 17 | 4 | 0.708 | ARRAY | TOF,HLHS, TGA, DORV, VSD, AS, CoA, PS, Anomalies of the Aortic Arch |
| Liu et al | 2007 | China (A) | 30 | 68 | 34 | 46 | 48 | 13 | 0.829 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCR-RFLP | Congenital Heart Disease |
| van Driel et al | 2008 | Netherlands(C) | 99 | 103 | 27 | 119 | 107 | 25 | 0.884 | 91 | 117 | 22 | 111 | 104 | 36 | 0.166 | PCR-RFLP | TOF, TGA, ASD, VSD, CoA, AS, PS, HLHS, |
| Marinho et al | 2009 | Portugal (M) | 12 | 20 | 6 | 113 | 124 | 14 | 0.073 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCR-RFLP | TOF |
| Obermann-Borst et al | 2010 | Netherlands (C) | 64 | 66 | 9 | 92 | 76 | 15 | 1.000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCR-RFLP | TOF, TGA, ASD, VSD, CoA, AS, PS, HLHS |
| Hobbs et al | 2010 | USA (C) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 285 | 203 | 65 | 191 | 128 | 37 | 0.036 | SEQUENCE | Nonsyndromic Septal, Conotruncal, or Right- or Left-sided ObstructiveHeart Defect |
| Xu et al | 2010 | China (A) | 162 | 244 | 96 | 151 | 261 | 115 | 0.930 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCR-RFLP | Cyanotic Cardiac Disease, ASD, VSD, PDA, Left-sided Obstruction Defects |
| García-Fragoso et al | 2010 | Puerto Rico (M) | 9 | 14 | 4 | 84 | 115 | 21 | 0.056 | 10 | 11 | 6 | 84 | 115 | 21 | 0.056 | PCR-RFLP | HLHS, TOF, DORV, TGA, VSD, PS, AS, CoA, ASD, Ebstein's Anomaly. |
| Kuehl et al | 2010 | USA (C) | 12 | 33 | 10 | 134 | 124 | 32 | 0.688 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ARRAY | CoA |
| Weiner et al | 2012 | Russia (C) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18 | 21 | 6 | 173 | 149 | 26 | 0.514 | RT-PCR | Congenital Anomalies-cardiovascular System |
| Zhou et al | 2012 | China (A) | 23 | 60 | 53 | 88 | 126 | 63 | 0.183 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCR-RFLP | TOF |
| Pishva et al | 2013 | Malaysia (SA) | 63 | 60 | 0 | 71 | 54 | 0 | 0.001 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCR-RFLP | VSD |
| Mamasoula et al | 2013 | UK(M) | 2759 | 2430 | 625 | 4826 | 4114 | 1116 | 0.000 | 336 | 396 | 97 | 4826 | 4114 | 1116 | 0.000 | SEQUENCE | Congenital Heart Disease |
| Wang et al | 2013 | China(A) | 59 | 76 | 25 | 53 | 100 | 35 | 0.377 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | SEQUENCE | Congenital Heart Disease |
| Jing et al | 2013 | China (A) | 46 | 42 | 16 | 39 | 114 | 55 | 0.164 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCR-RFLP | Congenital Heart Disease |
| Sahiner et al | 2013 | Turkey(C) | 69 | 53 | 14 | 47 | 39 | 7 | 1.000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCR-RFLP | Obstruction in LV Output, Left-to-right Shunt, Conotruncal Anomalies, Complex Anomalies |
| Zidan et al | 2013 | Egypt (AR) | 18 | 21 | 41 | 32 | 21 | 27 | 0.000 | 21 | 30 | 29 | 31 | 25 | 24 | 0.001 | PCR-RFLP | ASD, VSD, PDA, PS, TOF, HLHS, Combined Lesion |
| Balderra' bano-Saucedo et al | 2013 | Mexico (M) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 12 | 12 | 24 | 31 | 7 | 0.595 | PCR-RFLP | Complex Congenital Heart Disease |
| Christensen et al *** | 2013 | USA (C) | 68 | 61 | 28 | 35 | 26 | 8 | 0.395 | 67 | 89 | 26 | 27 | 29 | 9 | 0.791 | PCR-RFLP | VSD, TOF, AS, TGA, AVSD, DORV, PS, CoA, Truncus Arteriosus |
| Wang et al | 2013 | China (A) | 33 | 92 | 111 | 88 | 126 | 63 | 0.183 | 39 | 100 | 96 | 82 | 129 | 66 | 0.279 | PCR-RFLP | VSD, ASD, PDA, TOF, DORV |
| Huang et al | 2014 | China (A) | 63 | 45 | 60 | 84 | 72 | 48 | 0.000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | MASS SPECTRUM | TOF |
| Chao et al | 2014 | China (A) | 10 | 5 | 2 | 19 | 12 | 3 | 0.660 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCR-RFLP | PDA |
*: PS: Pulmonary Stenosis; HLHS: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome; CoA: Coarctation of the Aorta; AVS: Aortic Valve Stenosis; TGA: Transposition of Great Arteries; ASD: Atrial Septal Defect; VSD: Ventricular Septal Defect; AVSD: Atrioventricular Septal Defect; TOF: Tetralogy of Fallot; PDA: Patent Ductus Arteriosus; DIV: Double Inlet Ventricle; PA: Pulmonary Atresia; TA: Tricuspid Atresia; HLV: Hypoplastic Left Ventricle; HRV: Hypoplastic Right Ventricle; LVA: Left Ventricular Aneurysm; DORV: Double-outlet Right Ventricle; AC: Aortic Coarctation; AP window: Atriopulmonary window; ECD: Endocardial Cushion Defect; IAA: Interrupted Aortic Arch; LAI: Left Atrial Isomerism; RAI: Right Atrial Isomerism; TVA: Tricuspid Valve Atresia; AS: Aortic Stenosis.
**: C: Caucasians; A: South Asians; M: Mixed; AR: Arabian.
***: The data was respectively provided by author of Dr. Karen E. Christensen (see Acknowledgements).