Table 1. Topic-specific practice and research recommendations.

Topic	Practice	Research
Topic 1: mHealth and Provider Behaviors	Scale mHealth to provide guidance to health care workers administering malaria treatments to children under-5 years of age to enhance compliance with malaria treatment guidelines. (IA)	Commence additional efficacy and effectiveness studies using mHealth to comply with treatment guidelines for other acute childhood and maternal diseases such as pneumonia, IMCI, and treatment of malaria in pregnancy. (C)Consider exploratory efficacy study on enhancing compliance with treatment guidelines on more chronic conditions such as managing severely undernourished children or pediatric tuberculosis. (C)
Topic 2: mHealth Use for Adherence to Medications	Integrate mobile messaging into compliance strategies for HIV+ patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in conjunction with additional implementation science studies to optimize (e.g., two-way vs. one-way messaging) and scale mobile text messages to HIV+ patients taking antiretroviral therapy. (IIB)	Undertake studies to determine efficacy and effectiveness of mobile texting to mothers for provision of antiretroviral therapy to their HIV+ children using viral load as an endpoint. (C)Undertake studies to determine efficacy of mobile texts to populations using pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV acquisition where compliance is directly correlated with efficacy. This may be particularly effective in adolescent girls in Sub-Saharan Africa who have a much greater incidence of HIV acquisition. (C)Undertake studies to determine efficacy and effectiveness of mobile texting to tuberculosis infected mothers and adolescents and mothers of children under five with tuberculosis for compliance with tuberculosis therapy using microbiologic endpoints when possible. (C)
Topic 3: mHealth Use for Demand Creation	Mobile texts to enhance attended skilled births should be integrated into antenatal care programs. (IIB)	Undertake effectiveness research to explore the combination of mobile texts for compliance with attendance at antenatal care visits and attended skilled birth. (B)Undertake effectiveness research on using mobile testing to enhance HIV testing and counseling leveraging the knowledge of the threshold effect and efficacy of motivational messaging over informational messaging. (C)
Topic 4: mHealth Use for Patient Compliance with Health Care Appointments	Mobile texting should be integrated into antenatal care programs under the guidance of implementation science to increase compliance with antenatal visit schedules. (IIB)Mobile texting should be integrated into expanded program on immunization schedules for children and may be particularly helpful in mobile communities or refugee camp settings. (IIB)	Undertake implementation science for optimal scaling of mobile messages to women entering antenatal care to ensure demand creation, cost-effectiveness, integration into the health system, and adequate supply of quality maternal health services. (B)Undertake implementation science for optimal scaling of mobile messages to women for the expanded program on immunization schedules of their infants and children to ensure demand creation, cost-effectiveness, integration into the health system, and adequate supply and access to child immunization services. (B)
Topic 5: Social/Transmedia for Healthy Cognitive Development and Reducing Stigmatization	Provide access to and encourage children under-5 to gain exposure to localized high-quality educational media programming such as Sesame Street. a (IA)	Pursue studies which evaluate the effectiveness of media programs such as Sesame Street on health outcomes in under-5 population (e.g., immunization rates, BMI, bed net use). (C)Pursue a longitudinal cohort study to evaluate the efficacy of Sesame Street, Soul Buddyz and other high-quality media programming to educate young children and their families on HIV and reduce stigmatization with an endpoint of decreased HIV incidence. b (C)
Topic 6: Social/Transmedia and Other Media for Healthy BMI in Young Children	Integrate educational and playful activities related to healthy nutrition and active lifestyles into pre-school classrooms and family workshops. c (IIIC)	Conduct additional research to determine which components of the intervention (pre-school education and activities, parental workshops, and/or teacher training) results in positive effect on BMI. (C)Conduct rigorous implementation science to learn more about critical sustainability and implementation elements. (B)
Note. Recommendations are based on strength of expert opinion—strongly (I), moderately (II), or weakly (III) recommended—and adequacy and quality of evidence—A, B, or C. BMI = body mass index. IMCI =Integrated Management of Childhood Illness.

^aEvidence suggests that this is particularly helpful to children in low socioeconomic settings and is scalable to remote settings as well.

^bHIV incidence in young women is eight times that of their male counterparts (Abdool Karim & Dellar, 2014). Finding scalable sustainable interventions to change their behaviors is critical to reaching global goals of ending AIDS and creating an AIDS-free generation.

^cStrong findings in the cluster randomized cross over study suggest that this approach to early childhood obesity should be pursued further. It is particularly interesting that absent change in habits, young children had a dramatic change toward healthy BMI in both the initial intervention group and the crossover group, which was sustained at 12 months.