RCA in continuous RRT: basic principles. *Sampling for systemic ionized calcium is from the circuit arterial line or the patient’s arterial line (to avoid the effects of vascular access recirculation). Systemic total calcium can be measured from a central venous line. CVVH, continuous venovenous hemofiltration; CVVHD, continuous venovenous hemodialysis; CVVHDF, continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration; Qb, blood flow rate; RCA, regional citrate anticoagulation.