Table 1.
Baseline and clinical characteristics of participants versus nonparticipants
| Characteristics | Participants (n=169) | Nonparticipants (n=108) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (girls) | 75 (44) | 49 (45) | 0.90a |
| Gestational age, wk | 40.0 (38.6–41.3) | 39.7 (39.0–40.9) | 0.78b |
| Birth weight, kg | 3.4 (3.0–3.8) | 3.4 (2.9–3.8) | 0.99b |
| Diagnosis | |||
| Meconium aspiration syndrome | 87 (52) | 50 (46) | |
| Congenital diaphragmatic hernia | 36 (21) | 13 (12) | |
| Isolated persistent pulmonary | 21 (12) | 14 (13) | 0.09a |
| Sepsis | 9 (5) | 16 (15) | |
| Other | 16 (10) | 15 (14) | |
| Pre-ECMO | |||
| Age at start ECMO, h | 41 (28–73) | 42 (28–68) | 0.84b |
| Vasopressor drugs (yes) | 161 (95) | 102 (94) | 0.77a |
| Nitric oxide ventilation (yes) | 133 (79) | 84 (78) | >0.99a |
| Highest oxygenation index | 42 (31–55) | 42 (31–56) | 0.74b |
| During ECMO | |||
| ECMO mode (VV) | 27 (16) | 10 (9) | 0.26a |
| Conversion (VV to VA) | 4 (2) | 3 (3) | |
| Preemptive continuous hemofiltration (yes) | 62 (37) | 32 (30) | 0.24a |
| RIFLE scores | 107/169 (63) | 76/108 (70) | |
| Missing RIFLE scores because of preemptive continuous hemofiltration | 62 (37) | 32/108 (30) | |
| Maximum RIFLE scorea | |||
| No AKI | 43/107 (40) | 32/76 (42) | |
| Risk | 34/107 (32) | 25/76 (33) | |
| Injury | 25/107 (23) | 17/76 (22) | 0.92a |
| Failure | 5/107 (5) | 2/76 (3) | |
| RRT | 2/5 (40) | 1/2 (50) | |
| ECMO duration, h | 119 (84–156) | 129 (86–187) | 0.16b |
| ICU admission, d | 10 (6–26) | 9 (6–17) | 0.20b |
RIFLE categories risk, injury, and failure were defined as serum creatinine >150%, >200%, and >300% of the median of age-specific reference values, respectively. RIFLE scores were only assessed among patients treated with neonatal ECMO without preemptive continuous hemofiltration. Continuous data are expressed as median (interquartile range), and categorical data are expressed as number (percentage). ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; VV, venovenous; VA, venoarterial; ICU, intensive care unit.
Assessment of intergroup differences (that is, participants versus nonparticipants) using the Pearson chi-squared or Fisher exact test.
Assessment of intergroup differences (that is, participants versus nonparticipants) using the Mann–Whitney test.