Table 2.
Association of serum bicarbonate level and low pH with incident lower extremity functional limitation
| Outcome | Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted for Age, Race, and Sex | Plus CKD | Plus DM, Smoking, BMI, and Diuretic Use | Plus Gait Speed | |
| Any persistent functional limitation | |||||
| Continuous (per 1 mEq/L lower) | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) | 1.08 (1.04 to 1.14) | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.14) | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) |
| ≥26 mEq/L | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 23–25.9 mEq/L | 1.19 (0.96 to 1.47) | 1.26 (1.02 to 1.56) | 1.23 (1.00 to 1.53) | 1.32 (1.05 to 1.65) | 1.35 (1.08 to 1.68) |
| <23 mEq/L | 1.61 (1.17 to 2.21) | 1.69 (1.23 to 2.34) | 1.58 (1.14 to 2.18) | 1.68 (1.20 to 2.24) | 1.58 (1.12 to 2.22) |
| pH<7.40 | 1.23 (1.00 to 1.52) | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.34) | 1.03 (0.83 to 1.28) | 1.15 (0.92 to 1.44) | 1.10 (0.88 to 1.38) |
| Severe persistent functional limitation | |||||
| ≥26 mEq/L | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 23–25.9 mEq/L | 1.05 (0.71 to 1.56) | 1.09 (0.74 to 1.62) | 1.07 (0.72 to 1.59) | 1.12 (0.74 to 1.69) | 1.14 (0.75 to 1.71) |
| <23 mEq/L | 2.02 (1.19 to 3.45) | 2.10 (1.23 to 3.59) | 1.87 (1.09 to 3.23) | 1.85 (1.04 to 3.27) | 1.73 (0.98 to 3.08) |
| pH<7.40 | 1.46 (1.20 to 1.78) | 1.23(1.05 to 1.58) | 1.37 (1.00 to 1.51) | 1.32 (1.08 to 1.63) | 1.31 (1.06 to 1.61) |
DM, diabetes; BMI, body mass index.