Table 3.
Study characteristics and main findings of included studies
| Study | Sample, male/female ratio (m/f), mean age (SD) | Follow-up period | Neuropsychological tests | AD versus DLB comparison | Test scores, mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
McKeith
et al
., 1992 [[20]] |
AD 37 |
Baseline and late stage |
MTS |
No significant difference |
MTS baseline |
| m/f 13/24 |
AD 15.9 (1.8) |
||||
| y 74.7 (0.9) |
SDLT 24.5 (1.7) |
||||
| SDLT 21 |
MTS late stage |
||||
| m/f 12/9 |
AD 9.3 (2.1) |
||||
| y 73.3 (1.6) |
SDLT 18.2 (2.3) |
||||
|
Ballard
et al
., 1996 [[17]] |
AD 53 |
1 y |
CAMCOG |
SDLT faster decline of verbal fluency |
Scores for subtests n/a |
| m/f, n/a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Y, n/a |
CAMCOG total, baseline |
||||
| SDLT 7 |
AD 42.7 (17.9) |
||||
| |
SDLT 47.7 (18.0) |
||||
| m/f, n/a |
CAMCOG mean annual decline |
||||
| Y, n/a | |||||
| VaD 14 |
AD 13.2 (12.6) |
||||
| m/f, n/a |
SDLT 27.0 (19.8) |
||||
| Y, n/a | |||||
|
Ballard
et al
., 1998 [[21]] |
AD 30 |
1 y |
MMSE |
No significant difference |
MMSE baseline |
| m/f 9/21 |
AD 13.9 |
||||
| DLB 14.9 | |||||
| y 81.7 |
MMSE mean annual decline |
||||
| DLB 42 | |||||
| AD 4.1 | |||||
| m/f 19/24 |
DLB 3.9 |
||||
| y 73.6 | |||||
|
Olichney
et al
., 1998 [[3]] |
AD 148 |
Mean 3 y |
MMSE |
LBV faster decline |
MMSE baseline |
| m/f 80/68 | |||||
| y 74.0 (7.9) |
AD 17.8 (6.0) |
||||
| LBV 40 |
LBV 18.2 (5.5) |
||||
| m/f 25/15 |
MMSE 1 y (n = 136/35) |
||||
| y 72.4 (6.5) | |||||
| AD 14.3 (7.2) | |||||
| LBV 12.5 (7.5) | |||||
| MMSE 2 y (n = 93/17) | |||||
| AD 12.3 (7.9) | |||||
| LBV 8.1 (6.3) | |||||
| MMSE 3 y (n = 59/12) | |||||
| AD 10.1 (8.4) | |||||
| LBV 4.5 (6.5) | |||||
| MMSE 4 y (n = 35/4) | |||||
| AD 9.1 (7.9) | |||||
| LBV 2.5 (3.0) | |||||
| MMSE mean annual decline | |||||
| AD 4.1 (3.0) | |||||
| LBV 5.8 (4.5) | |||||
|
Heyman
et al
., 1999 [[18]] |
AD 74 |
Annual controls |
CERAD (including CDT, calculation test, serial subtraction, CDR, BNT, MMSE, 10-item word list memory, recall and recognition, constructional praxis, two of the six items of the orientation-memory-concentration test) |
AD faster decline in delayed recall |
32% of LBV versus 15% of AD remembered any item on word list recall at last evaluation |
| m/f 47/27 | |||||
| y 41% >74 y | |||||
| AD/LBV 27 | |||||
| m/f 14/13 | |||||
| y 37% >74 y | |||||
|
Lopez
et al
., 2000 [[22]] |
AD 98 |
Mean 59 months |
MMSE |
No significant difference |
MMSE baseline |
| m/f 50/48 | |||||
| y 70.8 (9.4) |
AD 16.0 (6.5) |
||||
| AD/DLB 44 |
AD/DLB 16.2 (5.1) |
||||
| m/f 20/24 | |||||
| y 72.3 (6.0) | |||||
|
Stern
et al
., 2001 [[23]] |
AD 32 |
Annual controls, longest 9.9 y |
mMMSE (including WAIS-R digit span forward, backward, attention, calculation, general knowledge, language, construction), CDR |
No significant difference |
mMMSE baseline |
| m/f 16/16 |
AD 36.7 (6.3) |
||||
| y 73.0 (9.0) |
LBV 37.3 (6.2) |
||||
| LBV 19 |
mMMSE mean annual decline 3.6 (both groups) |
||||
| m/f 17/2 | |||||
| y 73.6 (6.8) | |||||
|
Ballard
et al
., 2001 [[24]] |
AD 101 |
1y |
MMSE, CAMCOG |
No significant difference |
MMSE n = 203 |
| m/f 30/71 |
MMSE baseline |
||||
| probable AD 61 m/f 17/44 |
prob AD 17.7 (5.1) |
||||
| poss AD 17.2 (5.2) | |||||
| y 81.9 (4.8) | |||||
| DLB 15.6 (7.0) | |||||
| possible AD 40 | |||||
| MMSE mean annual decline | |||||
| m/f 13/27 | |||||
| y 79.0 (7.8) |
AD 4.9 (3.6) |
||||
| DLB 64 |
DLB 4.3 (4.2) |
||||
| m/f 26/38 |
CAMCOG n = 154 |
||||
| Baseline 57.5 (18.8) | |||||
| y 76.6 (7.7) | |||||
| VaD 38 |
CAMCOG mean annual decline |
||||
| m/f 22/16 | |||||
| y 76.8 (7.7) |
Probable AD 15.0 (10.1) |
||||
| Possible AD 14.4 (9.8) | |||||
| DLB 11.9 (12.2) | |||||
|
Helmes
et al
., 2003 [[25]] |
AD 15 |
50 months |
ESD |
No significant difference |
Scores n/a |
| m/f 9/6 | |||||
| y 70.3 (7.6) | |||||
| AD/DLB 8 | |||||
| m/f 5/3 | |||||
| y 69.3 (11.2) | |||||
| DLB 7 | |||||
| m/f 5/2 | |||||
| y 69.1 (4.1) | |||||
|
Johnson
et al
., 2005 [[26]] |
AD 66 |
Annual controls, |
WMS (digits forward, backward, logical memory and associate learning), BVRT, word fluency, BNT, WAIS (Digit Symbol and Block Design), TMT A, Crossing Off, CDR |
No significant difference |
Follow-up scores n/a. For baseline scores for all tests see article |
| m/f 39/27 |
1 to 20 assessments |
||||
| y 77.0 (8.1) | |||||
| AD/DLB 57 | |||||
| m/f 31/26 | |||||
| y 75.2 (9.7) | |||||
| DLB 9 | |||||
| m/f 8/1, age 72.6 (5.7) | |||||
|
Kraybill
et al
., 2005 [[15]] |
AD 48 |
Annual controls |
MMSE, DRS |
AD/LBP faster decline than AD and LBP |
MMSE baseline |
| |
m/f 18/30 |
|
|
|
AD 20.6 (3.9) |
| y at onset 77.5 |
AD/LBP 20.7 (3.7) |
||||
| (7.34) |
LBP 20.7 (3.8) |
||||
| AD/LBP 65 |
MMSE mean annual decline |
||||
| m/f 24/41 |
AD 3.5 (0.4) |
||||
| y at onset 74.8 (6.6) |
AD/LBP 5.0 (0.5) |
||||
| LBP 3.4 (0.7) | |||||
| LBP 22 |
DRS baseline |
||||
| m/f 16/6 |
AD 114.7 (2.1) |
||||
| y at onset 76.5 (5.3) |
AD/LBP 114.2 (1.8) |
||||
| LBP 114.2 (2.7) | |||||
| DRS mean annual decline | |||||
| AD 9.6 (1.5) | |||||
| AD/LBP 15.3 (1.9) | |||||
| LBP 8.8 (1.7) | |||||
|
Stavitsky
et al
., 2006 [[19]] |
AD 55 |
Mean 3 y |
mMMSE (incl WAIS-R digit Span forward, backward, attention, calculation, general knowledge, language, construction), HVLT-R |
AD faster decline on recognition. |
mMMSE baseline |
| m/f 21/34 |
AD 39.0 (7.6) |
||||
| DLB 38.1 (8.3) | |||||
| y 73.1 (8.3) |
HVLT-R n/a |
||||
| DLB 28 | |||||
| m/f 19/9 | |||||
| y 73.5 (7.6) | |||||
|
Williams
et al
., 2006 [[27]] |
AD 252 |
< 5 y |
MMSE, CDR, WMS (mental control, logical memory, digit span forward and backward, associate learning), BVRT, WAIS (information, digit symbol, block design), word fluency, BNT, Crossing off, TMT A |
No significant difference. |
Scores n/a |
| m/f 95/157 | |||||
| y 77.8 (9.5) | |||||
| DLB 63 | |||||
| m/f 38/25 | |||||
| y 73.5 (8.7) | |||||
|
Hamilton
et al
., 2008 [[28]] |
AD 44 |
2 y |
DRS, WISC-R (block design), CDT copy, BNT |
Poor baseline visuospatial skills (block design <20, CDT copy <3) were strongly associated with faster decline in DLB, but not AD. |
DRS baseline |
| m/f 20/24 |
AD 114.4 (15.4) |
||||
| y 72.0 (5.6) |
DLB 109.5 (11.4) |
||||
| DLB 22 |
DRS 1 y mean decline |
||||
| m/f 14/8 | |||||
| y 73.4 (6.2) |
AD 7.9 (11.6) |
||||
| DLB 17 (24.2) | |||||
| DRS 2 y mean decline | |||||
| AD 23.9 (24.7) | |||||
| DLB 39.3 (35.1) | |||||
| Other scores n/a | |||||
|
Hanyu
et al
., 2009 [[29]] |
AD 111 |
5 y |
MMSE |
No significant difference |
MMSE |
| m/f 37/74 |
Baseline n = 111/56 |
||||
| y 77.5 (6.2) |
AD 20.3 (3.7) |
||||
| DLB 56 |
DLB 20.7 (3.8) |
||||
| m/f 30/26 |
1 y n = 111/56 |
||||
| y 78.1 (5.2) |
AD 19.4 (4.8) |
||||
| DLB 20.5 (4.2) | |||||
| 2 y n = 102/40 | |||||
| AD 17.7 (5.2) | |||||
| DLB 18.0 (4.8) | |||||
| 3 y n = 72/25 | |||||
| AD 16.2 (5.0) | |||||
| DLB 17.0 (5.3) | |||||
| 4 y n = 51/19 | |||||
| AD 14.2 (4.5) | |||||
| DLB 13.4 (4.0) | |||||
| 5 y n = 16/5 | |||||
| AD 11.4 (5.2) | |||||
| DLB 10.6 (4.0) | |||||
|
Nelson
et al
., 2009 [[16]] |
AD 107 |
Mean 4 y |
MMSE |
AD/DLB had a faster decline than DLB and AD. |
MMSE baseline n/a |
| m/f n/a |
MMSE final |
||||
| y n/a |
AD 10.7 (8.6) |
||||
| AD/DLB 27 |
AD/DLB 10.6 (8.6) |
||||
| m/f n/a |
DLB 15.6 (8.7) |
||||
| y n/a | |||||
| DLB 9 | |||||
| m/f n/a | |||||
| y n/a | |||||
|
Wood
et al
., 2012[30] |
AD 16 |
1 y |
MMSE, CAMCOG, NEVIP |
No significant difference. |
MMSE baseline |
| m/f 12/4 |
AD 21.3 (3.2) |
||||
| y 78.9 (6.1) |
DLB 24.5 (3.3) |
||||
| DLB 10 |
MMSE decline from baseline |
||||
| m/f 9/1 | |||||
| y 78.2 (7.4). |
AD 2.1 (3.6) |
||||
| Controls 28 |
DLB 1.8 (3.1) |
||||
| m/f 16/12 |
CAMCOG baseline |
||||
| y 79.5 |
AD 71.4 (9.7) |
||||
| DLB 79.1 (12.0) | |||||
| CAMCOG decline from baseline | |||||
| AD 7.4 (10.7) | |||||
| DLB 4.3 (7.3) | |||||
| Walker et al ., 2012[31] | AD 100 |
1 y | MMSE, CAMCOG-R, VOSP, CDR | No significant difference. | MMSE baseline |
| m/f 48/52 |
AD 21.5 (4.5) |
||||
| y 74,9 |
DLB 21.4 (3.9) |
||||
| DLB 58 |
MMSE follow up (n = 81/33) |
||||
| m/f 37/21 |
AD 19.0 (6.2) |
||||
| y 74,2 | |||||
| DLB 18.5 (6.0) | |||||
| CAMCOG-R baseline | |||||
| AD 66.3 (15.6) | |||||
| DLB 66.0 (13.5) | |||||
| CAMCOG-R follow up | |||||
| (n = 81/33) | |||||
| AD 59.6 (20.3) | |||||
| DLB 56.3 (19.7) |
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; LBP, Lewy body pathology; LBV, Lewy body variant; n/a, not available; SDLT, senile dementia of Lewy body type; VaD, vascular dementia; y, years; BNT, Boston naming test; BVRT, Benton visual retention test; CAMCOG, Cambridge cognitive examination; CAMCOG-R, Cambridge cognitive examination-revised; CDR, clinical dementia rating; CDT, clock drawing test; CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease evaluation; DRS, dementia rating scale; ESD, extended scale for dementia; HVLT-R, Hopkins verbal learning test-revised; MMSE, mini mental state examination; mMMS, modified mini-mental state examination; MTS, 37-item mental test score; NEVIP, Newcastle visual perception battery; TMT A, trail making test A; VOSP, visual object and space perception battery; WAIS, Wechsler adult intelligence scale; WISC-R, Wechsler intelligence scale for children-revised; WMS, Wechsler memory scale.