Table 9.
Significance testing results of structural equation model total effects.
| Path | Standardized coefficient | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| IAut -> LEV | −0.22 | 0.004 |
| IAut -> UWE | −0.15 | 0.006 |
| IAut -> VSN | −0.42 | 0.004 |
| OC -> LEV | 0.13 | 0.033 |
| OC -> UWE | 0.09 | 0.037 |
| OC -> VSN | 0.24 | 0.033 |
| Size -> LEV | 0.12 | 0.008 |
| Size -> UWE | 0.08 | 0.012 |
| Size -> VSN | 0.23 | 0.008 |
| VSN -> LEV | 0.54 | 0.004 |
| VSN -> UWE | 0.36 | 0.007 |
UWE, engagement with work; OC, open communication; IAut, intergenerational authority; VSN, shared vision; LEV, leadership effectiveness.