Table 3.

Factors increasing susceptibility to renal hypoperfusion

Failure to decrease arteriolar resistance

Structural changes in renal arterioles (old age, atherosclerosis, hypertension, CKD) Reduction in vasodilatory prostaglandins (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors Afferent glomerular arteriolar vasoconstriction (sepsis, hypercalcaemia, hepatorenal syndrome, ciclosporin / tacrolimus, radiocontrast agents)

Failure to increase efferent arteriolar resistance

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors Angiotensin receptor blockers

Renal artery stenosis