Fig. 3.

Effect of arctigenin on DNA binding and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and c-Jun, and ARE-mediated transcriptional activities. The nuclear extracts were isolated from cells treated with 10 or 20 μM of arctigenin for 3 h. (A) The extracts were incubated ³²P-labled with ARE probe. The arrow indicates the ARE-nuclear protein complex. ‘F’ indicates free probe. (B) The nuclear extracts used for EMSA were assessed by immunoblot using antibodies against Nrf-2 or c-Jun. The data are representative of three independent experiments. (C) Primary astrocytes were transfected with ARE-luc reporter plasmid and treated with arctigenin. After 16 h, cells were harvested, and luciferase assays were performed. Values correspond to the mean ± S.E.M of three independent experiments. ^*p<0.05, compared with control cells.