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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mayo Clin Proc. 2014 Oct 31;89(12):1655–1663. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.07.017

Table 2.

Resting heart rate and risk of death in first year survivors after myocardial infarction. Results are presented as hazard rations (95% confidence intervals).

HR at index MI 61–70bpm 71–80bpm 81–90bpm >90bpm ptrend
All-cause death
Unadjusted 1.26 (0.96–1.65) 1.26 (0.96–1.65) 1.75 (1.33–2.31) 2.42 (1.90–3.10) <0.001
Adjusteda 1.28 (0.97–1.68) 1.27 (0.96–1.67) 1.90 (1.44–2.50) 2.23 (1.74–2.85) <0.001
Adjustedb 1.35 (1.03–1.78) 1.24 (0.94–1.64) 1.52 (1.15–2.02) 1.62 (1.25–2.09) <0.001
Adjustedc 1.36 (1.03–1.78) 1.29 (0.98–1.71) 1.59 (1.20–2.11) 1.61 (1.24–2.08) <0.001
Cardiovascular death
Unadjusted 1.57 (1.06–2.32) 1.34 (0.89–2.01) 2.00 (1.34–2.99) 2.69 (1.87–3.86) <0.001
Adjusteda 1.60 (1.08–2.36) 1.36 (0.90–2.04) 2.17 (1.45–3.24) 2.45 (1.70–3.53) <0.001
Adjustedb 1.67 (1.13–2.47) 1.33 (0.88–2.01) 1.64 (1.09–2.48) 1.66 (1.14–2.42) 0.03
Adjustedc 1.67 (1.13–2.48) 1.38 (0.92–2.09) 1.73 (1.14–2.61) 1.65 (1.13–2.40) 0.03
HR during the first year of follow-up 61–70bpm 71–80bpm 81–90bpm >90bpm
All-cause death
Unadjusted 1.71 (1.37–2.14) 2.70 (2.13–3.41) 3.15 (2.41–4.13) 4.10 (3.17–5.30) <0.001
Adjusteda 1.63(1.30–2.05) 2.19 (1.72–2.78) 2.90 (2.21–3.81) 3.32 (2.56–4.30) <0.001
Adjustedd 1.57 (1.25–1.98) 1.58 (1.23–2.03) 2.00 (1.51–2.66) 2.16 (1.64–2.84) <0.001
Adjustede 1.56 (1.24–1.96) 1.61 (1.25–2.07) 1.99 (1.50–2.64) 2.21 (1.68–2.92) <0.001
Cardiovascular death
Unadjusted 2.05 (1.48–2.84) 3.21 (2.28–4.51) 4.23 (2.92–6.15) 3.87 (2.61–5.75) <0.001
Adjusteda 1.95 (1.41–2.72) 2.56 (1.81–3.62) 3.85 (2.64–5.61) 3.11 (2.08–4.63) <0.001
Adjustedd 1.86 (1.33–2.60) 1.85 (1.29–2.66) 2.64 (1.78–3.91) 1.93 (1.27–2.94) <0.001
Adjustede 1.84 (1.32–2.58) 1.88 (1.31–2.70) 2.61 (1.76–3.87) 1.99 (1.31–3.03) <0.001

Calculation of hazard ratio used HR ≤ 60 bpm as the reference.

a

Adjusted for age and sex.

b

Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, former or current smoker, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, reperfusion/revascularization procedures and beta blockers at index MI.

c

Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, former or current smoker, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, reperfusion/revascularization procedures, beta blockers at index MI and prior HF.

d

Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, former or current smoker, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, heart failure post MI, diabetes mellitus, reperfusion/revascularization procedures and beta blockers at discharge.

e

Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, former or current smoker, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, heart failure post MI, diabetes mellitus, reperfusion/revascularization procedures, beta blockers at discharge and prior HF.