TABLE 4.

Standardized Estimates from Structural Equation Models Examining Predictive Utility of Incarceration-Specific Risk Variables to Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior

	Internalizing Behavior	Externalizing Behavior
Model 1: Child Reported Incarceration-Specific Risk Index Variablesa
A close family member was arrested or in jail	.084	−.006
Child changed schools because of a change in residence	.072	.169†
Child is no longer living with his/her mother	−.010	−.021
Child is no longer living with one of his/her siblings	−.029	.076
Child is no longer living with his/her father	.215*	.170†
Child witnessed criminal activity in the home	.253*	.159
Child witnessed mother’s arrest	.027	.023
Child witnessed father’s arrest	.146	−.030
Child witnessed mother’s criminal sentencing	−.252*	−.108
Child witnessed father’s criminal sentencing	.101	−.029
Model 2: Mother-Reported Incarceration-Specific Risk Index Variablesb
Mother is not in current contact with the child	.048	.047
Mother’s been incarcerated 3 or more times in child’s life	.317**	.300**
Child is separated from siblings because of incarceration	−.133	−.052
Child changed schools because of incarceration	−.021	.069
Child witnessed mother’s arrest	−.084	−.034
Child witnessed mother’s sentencing	−.115	.043
Child’s biological father is incarcerated	.259*	.192*
Child’s maternal grandmother has been incarcerated	.147	.169†
Model 3: Caregiver-Reported Incarceration-Specific Risk Index Variablesc
Mother is not in current contact with the child	−.007	−.058
Mother’s been incarcerated 3 or more times in child’s life	.051	.114
Child is separated from siblings because of incarceration	.214*	.049
Child changed schools because of incarceration	.065	.149
Child witnessed mother’s arrest	−.044	−.138
Child witnessed mother’s sentencing	.106	−.065
Child’s biological father is incarcerated	.262**	.272**
Caregiver is a new caregiver to this child	−.120	.106

^aFit indexes for the child model are as follows: χ²(57) =89.58, p =.01; non-normed fit index (NFI) =.82, comparative fit index (CFI) =.89, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) =.06; RMSEA 95% CI [.04, .09].

^bFit indexes for the mother model are as follows: χ²(49) =53.47, p =.31; NFI =.87, CFI =.98, RMSEA =.03; RMSEA 95% CI [.00, .06].

^cFit indexes for the caregiver model are as follows: χ²(49) =51.90, p =361; NFI =.88, CFI =.99, RMSEA =.02; RMSEA 95% CI [.00, .06].

^†p <.10.

^*p <.05.

^**p <.01.