Table 2.
Echocardiographic Characteristics by UACR Quartile
| Echocardiographic parameter | All patients (N=144) | Q1 (N=35) | Q2 (N=37) | Q3 (N=36) | Q4 (N=36) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left heart parameters | ||||||
| LV end-systolic volume index (ml/m2) | 15.0±5.3 | 14.9±3.7 | 13.9±5.3 | 15.6±5.5 | 15.1±5.2 | 0.58 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index (ml/m2) | 38.6±9.2 | 37.9±6.7 | 37.3±9.3 | 39.9±8.3 | 38.3±10.9 | 0.61 |
| LV mass index (g/m2.7) | 52.3±15.6 | 47.3±9.3 | 50.1±14.7 | 51.9±16.9 | 59.7±18.1 | 0.001† |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.52±0.14 | 0.49±0.09 | 0.50±0.13 | 0.50±0.12 | 0.58±0.20 | 0.003† |
| LV mass/volume ratio (g/ml) | 2.7±1.1 | 2.5±0.7 | 2.7±0.9 | 2.5±0.8 | 3.3±1.5 | 0.001† |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 62±7 | 61±5 | 63±8 | 62±7 | 61±6 | 0.47 |
| Left atrial volume index (ml/m2) | 31.9±11.3 | 30.7±11.2 | 31.2±11.3 | 33.7±11.8 | 31.7±11.2 | 0.78 |
| Stroke volume (ml) | 83.9±25.3 | 46.5±11.7 | 49.3±14.3 | 51±10.6 | 49.7±17 | 0.48 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.8±0.8 | 1.5±0.4 | 1.7±0.4 | 1.7±0.4 | 1.7±0.5 | 0.16 |
| Mitral regurgitation | 0.06‡ | |||||
| None | 88 (61) | 26 (74) | 22 (65) | 20 (56) | 18 (50) | |
| Mild | 36 (25) | 6 (17) | 7 (21) | 10 (28) | 13 (36) | |
| Moderate | 18 (13) | 3 (9) | 5 (15) | 6 (17) | 4 (11) | |
| Preload recruitable stroke work (mmHg) | 72±24 | 79±22 | 76±23 | 71±24 | 63±26 | 0.003† |
| Tissue Doppler s′ velocity (cm/s) | 8.2±2.5 | 8.8±2.2 | 8.7±2.9 | 7.7±1.4 | 7.6±3.0 | 0.01† |
| E/A ratio | 1.4±0.7 | 1.2±0.6 | 1.5±0.9 | 1.5±0.7 | 1.4±0.7 | 0.43 |
| E deceleration time (ms) | 219±55 | 237±55 | 216±39 | 211±66 | 214±52 | 0.18 |
| Tissue Doppler e′ velocity (cm/s) | 8.6±3.0 | 8.7±2.4 | 8.1±2.3 | 8.8±2.7 | 8.7±4.2 | 0.79 |
| E/e′ ratio | 15.2±7.0 | 12.8±6.8 | 16.3±7.1 | 14.7±5.5 | 17.4±8.1 | 0.01 |
| Diastolic function grade | 0.03‡ | |||||
| Normal diastolic function | 11 (8) | 9 (26) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | |
| Grade I (mild) diastolic dysfunction | 12 (8) | 4 (11) | 4 (11) | 0 (0) | 4 (11) | |
| Grade II (moderate) diastolic dysfunction | 61 (42) | 15 (43) | 14 (38) | 16 (44) | 16 (44) | |
| Grade III (severe) diastolic dysfunction | 49 (34) | 6 (17) | 13 (35) | 16 (44) | 14 (39) | |
| Indeterminate diastolic function | 11 (8) | 1 (3) | 5 (14) | 4 (11) | 1 (3) | |
|
| ||||||
| Right heart parameters | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| RV end-diastolic area index (cm2/m2) | 13.5±3.7 | 12.8±2.2 | 12.9±3.7 | 13.6±3.5 | 14.5±4.6 | 0.10 |
| RV end-systolic area index (cm2/m2) | 7.9±2.8 | 7.1±1.7 | 7.5±2.4 | 8.1±2.6 | 8.9±3.6 | 0.02 |
| RV basal diameter (cm) | 3.9±0.6 | 3.7±0.5 | 3.8±0.6 | 4.0±0.6 | 4.1±0.7 | 0.05 |
| RV maximal diameter (cm) | 4.5±0.8 | 4.4±0.7 | 4.4±0.8 | 4.6±0.9 | 4.7±1.0 | 0.69 |
| RV wall thickness (mm) | 5.0±0.8 | 4.7±0.5 | 4.8±0.8 | 5.0±0.6 | 5.5±1.1 | 0.001† |
| RV fractional area change (%) | 42±7 | 45±6 | 42±7 | 41±7 | 40±8 | 0.01† |
| TAPSE (cm) | 2.0±0.6 | 2.1±0.6 | 2.1±0.8 | 1.9±0.5 | 2.0±0.6 | 0.59 |
| Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (mmHg) | 43.4±15.1 | 38.6±14.1 | 46.8±18.3 | 41±11.8 | 46.9±14.1 | 0.04 |
| Right atrial pressure (mmHg) | 7.3±3.9 | 5.8±2.3 | 7.9±4.1 | 7.2±4.1 | 8.3±4.4 | 0.20 |
*
P-value by linear trend across log-transformed UACR
†
Remains significant after correction using false discovery rate < 5%
‡
P-value by ordered logistic regression against log-transformed UACR
LV = left ventricular; E = early mitral inflow; A = late (atrial) mitral inflow; RV = right ventricular; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion