Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Obstetric Characteristics of Study Participants
| Total N=2791 |
No history of miscarriage N=2343 |
History of miscarriage N=448 |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal Age | 27.3 ±4.3 | 27.1 ±4.3 | 28.2 ±4.3 | p<0.001*** |
| Marital Status | p=0.063 | |||
| Married | 2011 (72.1) | 1672 (71.4) | 339 (75.7) | |
| Not Married | 780 (27.9) | 671 (28.6) | 109 (24.3) | |
| Fertility Advice or Treatment | p<0.001*** | |||
| No | 2473 (88.6) | 2116 (90.3) | 357 (79.7) | |
| Yes | 318 (11.4) | 227 (9.7) | 91 (20.3) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | p=0.477 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 2366 (84.8) | 1982 (84.6) | 384 (85.7) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 180 (6.4) | 148 (6.3) | 32 (7.1) | |
| Hispanic | 144 (5.2) | 127 (5.4) | 17 (3.8) | |
| Other | 101 (3.6) | 86 (3.7) | 15 (3.3) | |
| Education | p=0.814 | |||
| High school graduate or GED or less | 452 (16.2) | 376 (16.0) | 76 (17.0) | |
| Some college or vocational programs | 726 (26.0) | 614 (26.2) | 112 (25.0) | |
| Completed 4 year college degree or greater | 1613 (57.8) | 1353 (57.7) | 260 (58.0) | |
| Poverty | p=0.905 | |||
| Poverty | 227 (8.1) | 190 (8.1) | 37 (8.3) | |
| Near Poverty | 308 (11.0) | 256 (10.9) | 52 (11.6) | |
| Non-poverty | 2256 (80.8) | 1897 (81.0) | 359 (80.1) | |
| Mode of delivery† | p=0.130 | |||
| Vaginal delivery | 1977 (70.8) | 1673 (71.4) | 304 (67.9) | |
| Cesarean delivery | 814 (29.2) | 670 (28.6) | 144 (32.1) | |
| Infant Hospitalization after Birth† | p=0.089 | |||
| No | 2723 (97.6) | 2291 (97.8) | 432 (96.4) | |
| Yes | 68 (2.4) | 52 (2.2) | 16 (3.6) | |
| Postpartum Mental Health Visits† | p=0.292 | |||
| No | 2662 (95.4) | 2239 (95.6) | 423 (94.4) | |
| Yes | 129 (4.6) | 104 (4.4) | 25 (5.6) | |
| History of Anxiety or Depression | p=0.161 | |||
| No | 2152 (77.1) | 1818 (77.6) | 334 (74.6) | |
| Yes | 639 (22.9) | 525 (22.4) | 114 (25.4) | |
| Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | p=0.495 | |||
| No probable depression | 2635 (94.4) | 2209 (94.3) | 426 (95.1) | |
| Probable depression | 156 (5.6) | 134 (5.7) | 22 (4.9) | |
| EPDS Continuous Score (Range 0–27) | 5.8 ±3.7 | 5.8 ±3.9 | 5.8 ±3.7 | p=0.987 |
| Birth Experience† | 68.7 ±6.4 | 68.7 ±6.4 | 68.5 ±6.4 | p=0.512 |
| Maternal Stress | 18.6 ±4.4 | 18.6 ±4.4 | 18.5 ±4.4 | p=0.750 |
| Social Support | 22.3 ±2.9 | 22.3 ±2.9 | 22.3 ±2.9 | p=0.920 |
All results reported as n (%) or mean ± SD.
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001
†
Measured at 1 month postpartum