Figure 4. Modeling 5-year campaign and continuous vaccination strategies for vaccine with different coverage levels and targeting different age groups.

A) Overall effectiveness and B) vaccinations per case prevented by mass vaccination campaigns that occur every 5 years. C) Overall effectiveness and D) vaccinations per case prevented by continuous vaccination. We assume that the vaccine protects for an average of 5 years and is less effective among children from ages 1 to 4 years (40% efficacy) than among older individuals (65% efficacy). Overall effectiveness is the prevented fraction of cholera cases over 20 years. The boxes represent the interquartile range and the whiskers cover 90% of the results from 100 simulations per scenario with parameters of seasonal environmental exposure sampled from ranges in Table S3. Dashed lines show the effectiveness if only direct effects of the vaccine are considered.