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. 2014 Dec 4;9(12):e114338. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114338

Table 2. Descriptive Characteristics of Organizational Readiness Measurement Instruments.

Instrument Authors Year Type of study Setting Underlying theory/model Level of analysis
1- a Organizational readiness for change scale (ORC) [25] Lehman et al. 2002 Empirical Clinical center (CTN), Drug treatment program Program Change Model (TCU-PCM) Organizational, Individual
1-b Extended Organizational readiness for change scale (ORC) [25], [30] Lehman et al. 2005 Methodological Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Services, Mental health services Program change model (TCU-PCM) Organizational, Individual
1-c Modified ORC scale [50] Barwick et al. 2005 Empirical Mental health Organizations Not specified Organizational
1-d TCU-ORC scale [25] Lehman, Greener & Simpson 2002 Methodological Addiction Technology Transfer Centers (and several other drug treatment programs) Revised TCU-PCM Organizational Individual
1-e Modified Texas Christian University – Director version (TCU-ORC-D) [29] Chabot et al. 2008 Methodological Local health organizations ORC conceptual framework Organizational Individual
1-f Functional Organizational Readiness For Change Evaluation (FORCE) [51] Devereaux et al. 2006 Empirical Hospitals No Organizational
2- The Medical Organizational Readiness For Change (MORC) [52] Bohman et al. 2002 Empirical Trauma center (Community health program + Emergency center) TCU-PCM Organizational Individual
3- Organizational readiness to change assessment instrument (ORCA) [53] Helfrich et al. 2009 Methodological VA medical centers Promoting Action on Research in Health Services (PARiHS) Organizational
4- The organizational change questionnaire [26] Bouckenooghe et al. 2009 Methodological Organizations (healthcare, medical services) Human relations perspective Organizational Individual
5- Organizational Information Technology Innovation Readiness Scale (OITIRS) [35] Snyder-Halpern 1996 Methodological Healthcare (community hospitals) Organizational Information Technology/System Innovation Model (OITIM) Organizational
6- Perceived organizational readiness for change (PORC) [36] Armenakis, Harris and Mossholder 1993 Empirical Public sector organizations The concept of perceived ORC Organizational
7- Proactive Organizational Change: Assessing Critical Success Factors [37] Nelson et al. 1999 Empirical Public health agencies No Organizational
8- Organizational Telehealth readiness assessment tool [38] Jennett et al. 2004 Methodological Rehabilitation sectors Readiness model Organizational Individual
9- e-Health Readiness measure [39] Poissant, Touré & Swaine 2007 Methodological Rehabilitation Centre (CRLB) No OrganizationalIndividual
10- Organization Culture and Readiness Survey (OCRS) [40] Melnyk et al. 2008 Methodological Faith-based hospital was located in a moderate sized city Advancing research and clinical practice through close collaboration (ARCC) Organizational Individual
11- Team Climate Inventory (TCI) [27] Anderson &West 1994 Empirical NHS trusts No Group level
12- Sociotechnical System Assessment Surveys (STSAS) [41] Pasmore 1988 Empirical Tertiary care hospitals Sociotechnical system theory Organizational
13- Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) [42] Stablein et al. 2001 Empirical Hospitals No Organizational
14- Safer patients initiatives (SPI) [43] Burnett et al. 2010 Empirical NHS organizations No Organizational
15- Not specified [44] Demiris et al. 2007 Empirical Hospitals No Organizational
16- Not specified [45] Hamilton et al. 2010 Empirical VA medical centers No Organizational
17- Psychometrically sound survey instrument [28] Holt, Armenakis, Feild & Harris 2007 Methodological Public & private sectors Comprehensive Measurement Model (CMM Organizational Individual
18- Not specified [34] Kristensen & Nohr 2000 Methodological Healtcare org (Surgical gastroenterology department Lorenzie’s Organizational Individual Group
19- Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile (GIAP) [46], [47] Boltz et al. 2002 Methodological Organization (Hospitals) No Organizational Individual
20- Long-Term care (LTC) readiness tool [48] Cherry 2011 Methodological Organization (long term care facilities) Not specified Organizational Individual
21- Not specified [49] Bobiak et al. 2009 Empirical Organizations (primary care settings) Practice Change Model (PCM) Organizational