Table 1. Table of Characteristics.
| Study ID | Sample size | Drop-outs | Participants/setting | Diagnoses | Intervention | Control condition |
| Poulin et al. (2007) | 59 (a) 51 (b) | 8% | Outpatients | Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder | 18 month intervention with 2 group sessions per week.Supervised exercise. | Treatment As Usual |
| Mauri et al. (2008) | 15 (a) 18 (b) | 33% | Outpatients | Bipolar I and II, psychotic depression, schizoaffectivedisorder | 12 week intervention, weekly 30 minute session.Diet, non-structured exercise, activity assessment andtailored advise. | Olanzapine |
| Wu MK et al. (2007) | 28 (a) 25 (b) | 5% | Inpatients | Schizophrenia | 6 month intervention with 3 sessions per week. Diet andsupervised exercise. | Clozapine |
| Evans et al. (2005) | 22 (a) 22 (b) | 33% | Inpatients | Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform,bipolar, depression | 3 month intervention with 6 individual sessions of one hour.Counseling and tailored advise. | Olanzapine and passivenutrition informationby receiving a book |
| Wu RR et al. (2008) | 32 (a) 32 (b) | 8% | First psychosis | First psychotic episode of schizophrenia | 12 week intervention with 10 sessions. Diet, supervised andnon-structured exercise. | Placebo |
| McKibbin et al. (2006) | 28 (a) 29 (b) | 19% | Outpatients | Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and diabetesmellitus | 24 week intervention with weekly group sessions.Diet encouragement and non-structured exercise. | Treatment As Usual + 3folders about diabetesmanagement |
| Jean-Baptiste t al. (2007) | 8 (a) 10 (b) | 22% | Outpatients | Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder | 16 weekly group sessions. Nutritional education, goal-setting,exercise encouragement, individual advise | Treatment As Usual |
| Kwon et al. (2006) | 33 (a) 15 (b) | 25% | Outpatients | Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder | 12 week intervention with 8 individual sessions.Nutrition and activity assessment, non-structuredexercise and tailored advise. | Treatment As Usual + dietand activity recommendation,olanzapine. |
| Littrell et al. (2003) | 35 (a) 35 (b) | n.m. | Outpatients | Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder | 16 week intervention with weekly group sessions.Diet encouragement, non-structured exercise and counseling. | Treatment As Usual,olanzapine |
| Álvarez-Jiménez et al. (2006) | 28 (a) 33 (b) | 0% | First psychosis | First psychotic episode | 3 month intervention with 10–14 individual sessions.Diet encouragement, non-structured exercise,activity assessment, CBT and counseling. | Treatment As Usual |
| Brown & Smith (2009) | 15 (a) 11 (b) | 19% | Outpatients | Schizophrenia, major affective disorder, neurotic orpersonality disorder | 5 session intervention. Nutrition and activity assessment,non-structured exercise and motivational interviewing. | Treatment As Usual |
| Weber & Wyne (2006) | 8 (a) 7 (b) | 12% | Outpatients | Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder | 16 week intervention with weekly group sessions.Nutrition assessment, supervised exercise, CBTand counseling. | Treatment As Usual |
| Methapatara t al. (2011) | 32 (a) 32 (b) | 0% | Inpatients | Schizophrenia | 3 month intervention with group educations,5 hourly individual sessions and practicing pedometerwalking. Non-structured exercise, motivational interviewingand counseling. | Receiving a folder abouthealthy lifestyle |
| Brown & Chan (2006) | 15 (a) 13 (b) | 39% | n.m. | Severe and enduring mental illness | 6 weekly 50 minute health promotion sessions.Nutrition assessment, non-structured exercise,activity assessment, motivational interviewingand tailored advise. | Waiting list |
| Daumit et al. (2013) | 144 (a) 147 (b) | 4% | Outpatients | Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder,major depression, other | 18 months with group and individual weight managementsessions and group supervised exercise sessions. | Standard nutrition andphysical activityinformation at baseline |
| Attux et al. (2013) | 81 (a) 79 (b) | 21% | Outpatients | Schizophrenia, other psychotic disorder | 12 weekly group sessions including patients and family members,discussing diet, physical activity and stress.Food assessment with diaries. | Treatment As Usual |
| Brar et al. (2005) | 34 (a) 37 (b) | 31% | Outpatients | Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder | 14 week interventions with 20 group sessions.Diet encouragement, nutrition assessment and CBT. | Treatment As Usual |
| Skrinar et al. (2005) | 9 (a) 11 (b) | 33% | Inpatient and outpatient | DSM IV mood- or psychotic disorder | 12 week intervention with 4 hourly groupsessions per weekfor supervised exercise and 1 health seminarper week. | Waiting list |
| Milano et al. (2007) | 22 (a) 14 (b) | n.m. | n.m. | Schizophrenia, bipolar with a manic episode | 12 week intervention with 3 sessions perweek of 30–60 minutes.Diet and supervised exercise. | Olanzapine |
| Khazaal et al. (2007) | 31 (a) 30 (b) | 13% | n.m. | Receiving antipsychotic treatment | 12 week intervention with weekly groupsessions.Diet encouragement, nutrition assessment, non-structured exercise,motivational interviewing and CBT. | One two hour groupeducation on healthyfood and dietrecommendation |
| Brown et al. (2011) | 47 (a) 42 (b) | 35% | n.m. | Serious mental illness | 12 month intervention with 3 monthintensive, 3 month maintenance and 6 monthintermittent support phase.Diet, supervised exercise and counseling. | Treatment As Usual |
| Forsberg et al. (2008) | 24 (a) 17 (b) | 11% | Supported housing facilities | Psychiatric diagnosis DSM IV | 12 month intervention, once a week cookingand once a weeksupervised exercise. | Aesthetic study(learning various artistictechniques) |
| Iglesias-García et al. (2010) | 7 (a) 7 (b) | 7% | Outpatients | Schizophrenia | 3 month intervention with 12 hourly educational group sessions.Counseling. | Treatment As Usual |
| Scocco et al. (2005) | 10 (a) 10 (b) | 10% | n.m. | Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder | 8 week intervention with weekly individualvisits to a psychiatristand nutritionist. Diet, non-structuredexercise, activity assessmentand tailored advise. | Olanzapine |
| Scheewe et al. (2013) | 29 (a) 25 (b) | 17% | n.m. | Schizophrenia, schizoaffective or schizophreniformdisorder | 6 month intervention, two hours a week exercise under supervision,and six times a week muscle strength exercises | Occupational therapy(reading, painting,computer games) |
(a) Number of patients in the intervention group. (b) Number of patients in the control group. N.m. = not mentioned. Structured diet : prescribed diet, specific instructions regarding food- and/or calorie-intake. Non-structured diet encouragement : informing patients about healthy food, provide healthy food suggestions, cooking healthy meals, reimbursing purchase of healthy food and encourage healthy eating behavior without structured restrictions. Nutrition assessment : food diary or discussing food intake with nutritionist. Supervised exercise : exercising under supervision of a (personal) trainer. Non-structured exercise : unsupervised exercise, providing opportunity to exercise (e.g. free gym-membership), encouragement to enhance frequency and intensity of physical activity. Activity assessment : activity diary, discussing physical activities during sessions. Psychological interventions : motivational interviewing, counseling and goal-setting, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and individually tailored advice.