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Proposed disulfide formation between cysteine residues for EL2 and EL4. In the outward-facing form of S359C, disulfide formation is possible between each of the two endogenous EL2 cysteines and the cysteine introduced in position 359 of EL4. As described under “Discussion,” we propose that the distance between EL2 and EL4 increases when the transporter becomes inward-facing and, as a result, the oxidative cross-linking of Cys-359 and either Cys-164 or Cys-173 is diminished.
