Table 4. Relative risk ratio (RRR) and their 95%CI estimated from the multinomial regression analysis for the type of tobacco use among females in India, GATS India, 2009–10.
| Smoking only | Smokeless tobacco useonly | Dual use of tobacco | ||||
| RRR | 95%CI | RRR | 95%CI | RRR | 95%CI | |
| Age group | ||||||
| 15–24® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 25–44 | 12.57** | [5.11–30.88] | 1.94** | [1.66–2.26] | 2.23* | [1.07–4.67] |
| 45–64 | 33.33** | [13.53–82.07] | 3.44** | [2.91–4.06] | 6.55** | [3.10–13.82] |
| 65+ | 50.47** | [19.48–130.77] | 4.47** | [3.67–5.45] | 15.20** | [6.74–34.29] |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Rural | 1.71* | [1.12–2.60] | 1.13 | [0.97–1.32] | 1.58 | [0.96–2.62] |
| Education | ||||||
| More than secondary® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Upto secondary | 0.55 | [0.14–2.19] | 1.71** | [1.29–2.27] | 0.69 | [0.20–2.35] |
| Upto primary | 3.70 | [0.97–14.05] | 3.38** | [2.57–4.44] | 1.45 | [0.45–4.61] |
| No education | 13.52** | [4.10–44.51] | 4.41** | [3.38–5.76] | 3.33* | [1.03–10.69] |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Govt./Non-Govt. employee® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Self employed | 0.54* | [0.31–0.94] | 0.88 | [0.74–1.06] | 0.20** | [0.11–0.37] |
| Homemaker | 0.68 | [0.42–1.11] | 0.65** | [0.56–0.76] | 0.31** | [0.18–0.53] |
| Others(a) | 1.09 | [0.59–2.02] | 0.70** | [0.57–0.87] | 0.26** | [0.11–0.59] |
| Household asset | ||||||
| Rich® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Moderate | 1.34 | [0.84–2.13] | 1.68** | [1.42–1.97] | 1.88 | [0.98–3.60] |
| Poor | 1.54 | [0.92–2.56] | 2.04** | [1.71–2.42] | 2.39* | [1.18–4.84] |
| Smoking causes heart attack | ||||||
| Yes® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| No | 1.72* | [1.07–2.76] | 1.22** | [1.08–1.39] | 0.81 | [0.52–1.25] |
| Smoking causes stroke | ||||||
| Yes® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| No | 0.91 | [0.59–1.39] | 0.90 | [0.80–1.03] | 0.47** | [0.33–0.67] |
| Smoking causes lung cancer | ||||||
| Yes® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| No | 0.80 | [0.51–1.27] | 1.08 | [0.91–1.28] | 2.18** | [1.34–3.55] |
| Smokeless tobacco use causes serious illness | ||||||
| Yes® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| No | 1.37 | [0.88–2.15] | 0.95 | [0.79–1.14] | 1.31 | [0.74–2.30] |
| Region | ||||||
| North® | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Central | 0.93 | [0.60–1.43] | 14.11** | [9.79–20.34] | 4.01** | [2.20–7.31] |
| East | 1.37 | [0.91–2.07] | 30.30* | [20.77–44.18] | 3.51** | [1.56–7.87] |
| North-east | 1.58* | [1.08–2.31] | 41.45** | [28.02–61.32] | 20.10** | [9.67–41.79] |
| West | 0.06** | [0.02–0.16] | 14.81** | [10.14–21.65] | 1.38 | [0.49–3.87] |
| South | 0.66 | [0.41–1.04] | 10.53** | [7.01–15.82] | 1.29 | [0.42–3.89] |
Note: CI-Confidence interval; *p<0.05, **p<0.01; ® = Reference category; Govt. = Government; (a)Others includes student, retired or unemployed.