Table 2. List of evaluated phenotypic traits in five experiments.
| Trait type | Trait code | Trait name | Trait description | Experiment a | |||||
| 2008F | 2009F | 2010G | 2011F | 2012F | Ver | ||||
| Leaf traits | LC | Leaf color | Chlorophyll content of leaves using SPAD meter | x | x | x | x | ||
| LL | Leaf length | Length from base of petiole to tip of lamina (cm) | x | ||||||
| LBL | Lamina blade length | Distance from the tip to the fist lobe (cm) | x | x | x | ||||
| LBW | Lamina blade width | Lamina width at the widest point (cm) | x | x | x | ||||
| LI | Leaf index | Ratio of LBL/LBW | x | x | x | ||||
| PL | Petiole length | Distance from the base of the petiole to bottom of lamina (cm) | x | ||||||
| PW | Petiole width | The width of petiole (midvein) | x | x | x | ||||
| LB | Leaf Lobe | Number of lobes below lamina blade | x | ||||||
| LBs | Leaf Lobelets | Number of lobelets formed below the lobes | x | ||||||
| LES | Leaf edge shape | 1: non serrated; 2: slightly serrated; 3: intermediate serrated; 4: very serrated | x | x | x | ||||
| LS | Leaf blade shape outline | 1: orbicular; 2: elliptic; 3: obovate; 4: spathulate; 5: ovate; 6: lanceolate; 7: oblong; 8: others | x | ||||||
| LD | Leaf division (incision) | 1: entire; 2: sinuate; 3: lyrate; 4: lacerate; 5: others | x | ||||||
| LAS | Leaf apex shape | 1: acute; 2: intermediate; 3: rounded; 4: broadly rounded | x | ||||||
| LH | Leaf hairness | 1: absent; 2: sparse; 3: intermediate; 4: abundant | x | ||||||
| LAT | Leaf lamina attitude | 1: extreme deep down curling; 2: deep down curling; 3: little down curling; 4: flat; 5: up curling | x | x | |||||
| Lwe | Leaf and stem weight | Fresh weight of stem and leaves 100 days after transplanting (gram) | x | x | |||||
| Flowering time | FT | Flowering time | Days to flowering from transplanting to appearance of the first open fower (days) | x | x | x | x | ||
| Turnip tuber traits | TL | Tuber length | Length from the base of cotyledons till the bottom of the swelling tuber (mm) | x | x | x | x | ||
| Twi | Tuber width | The widest diamer of the swelling tuber (mm) | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| TI | Tuber index | Ratio of Twi/TL | x | x | x | x | |||
| TS | Tuber shape | 1: oval; 2: round to oval; 3: round; 4: round to long; 5: long; 6: slim long | x | ||||||
| TC | Tuber color | 1: white; 2: light green; 3: cream; 4: yellow or light brown; 5: pink or light purple; 6: purple; 7: dark purple; 8: red; 9: dark red | x | ||||||
| Tsh | Tuber shoots number | Number of shoots/stems formed from a turnip tuber | x | x | x | x | |||
| Twe | Tuber weight | Fresh weight of a turnip tuber (gram) | x | x | x | x | |||
| TDW | Tuber dry weight | Dry weight of a turnip tuber (gram) | x | ||||||
| Tss | Tuber surface smoothness | 1: smooth; 2: a bit wrinkled; 3: very wrinkled | x | x | |||||
| Tso | Tuber swelling onset | Number of days from transplanting till an obvious swelling of a turnip tuber | x | x | |||||
| Tgd | Tuber growing depth | Depth in the soil at whick the turnip tuber grows. 1: underground; 2: half above ground; 3: above ground | x | x | |||||
| TDM | Tuber dry mass% | Percentage of total dry mass in a turnip tuber | x | ||||||
The evaluated traits in each experiment are marked with “x”.
a
Experiment code “2008F, 2009F,2011F and 2012F” stand for four field experiments carried out between 2008 and 2012. Code “2010G” means the greenhouse experiment in 2010. “Ver” stands for experiment of testing vernalization response of turnip accessions.