Table 2. Qualitative assessment of included studies.

Reference	Randomisation	Allocationconcealment	Blinding	Intentionto TreatAnalysis	Loss tofollow-up
Rackow et al [23]	Low risk	Unclear riskd	High risk	Low risk	Low risk
Metildi et al [25]	Low risk	Unclear riskd	High risk	Low risk	Low risk
Rackow et al [24]	Unclear riska	Unclear riskd	High risk	Low risk	Low risk
SAFE [13]	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Veneman et al [29]	Unclear riska	Low risk	High risk	Low risk	Low risk
Maitland et al [30]	Unclear riska	Low risk	High risk	Low risk	Low risk
Maitland et al [31]	Unclear riska	Low risk	High risk	Low risk	Low risk
Akech et al [26]	High riskb	Unclear riskd	High risk	Low risk	Low risk
Friedman et al [22]	Unclear riska	Low risk	High risk	Low risk	High riskc
van der et al [27]	Unclear riska	Low risk	High risk	Low risk	Low risk
Dolecek et al [28]	Low risk	Unclear riskd	High risk	Low risk	Low risk
FEAST [36]	Low risk	Low risk	High risk	Low risk	Low risk
EARSS [20]	Unclear riske	Unclear riske	High risk	Unclear riske	Unclear riske
CRISTAL [37]	Low risk	Low risk	High risk	Low risk	Low risk
ALBIOS [21]	Low risk	Low risk	High risk	Low risk	Low risk

^aJust mention the word of random.

^bA quasi-randomised design was used, whereby fluid interventions were allocated sequentially in blocks of ten.

^c4 patients (11%) were excluded because of inadequate data collection.

^dnot reported.

^eThe research has not yet been published.