Table 1.
Characteristics of examined healthy men
| Men <50 years old (n = 38) | Men ≥50 years old (n = 29) | |
|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric parameters | ||
| Height (cm) | 181 ± 6 | 175 ± 6*** |
| Weight (kg) | 83 ± 13 | 85 ± 12 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 3.9 | 27.8 ± 3.9** |
| Resting hemodynamic parameters | ||
| HR (bpm) | 65 ± 10 | 68 ± 11 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 119 ± 15 | 122 ± 13 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 70 ± 9 | 70 ± 8 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 88 ± 11 | 91 ± 9 |
| SV (mL/beat) | 108 ± 13 | 87 ± 15*** |
| CO (L/min) | 7.0 ± 0.9 | 5.9 ± 1.3*** |
| SVR (dyn x s/cm5) | 1,031 ± 190 | 1,303 ± 379*** |
| Resting respiratory parameters | ||
| BR (breaths/min) | 14 ± 5 | 13 ± 4 |
| MV (L/min) | 11.3 ± 3.3 | 11.5 ± 4.1 |
| etCO2 (mmHg) | 37 ± 6 | 35 ± 5 |
| SpO2 (%) | 97 ± 1 | 96 ± 2 |
| Heart rate variability | ||
| RMSSD (ms) | 44 ± 19 | 28 ± 15*** |
| pNN50 (%) | 13 ± 9 | 5 ± 6*** |
| LF (ms2) | 210 (138; 432) | 311 (228; 812) * |
| HF (ms2) | 343 (297; 457) | 271 (189; 370)*** |
| LF/HF | 0.60 (0,60; 1,23) | 1.17 (0,60; 3,29)*** |
| Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity | ||
| BRS-Seq (ms/mmHg) | 14.6 ± 6.2 | 8.3 ± 3.9*** |
| BRS-αLF (ms/mmHg) | 0.70 (0.56; 0.94) | 0.78 (0.68; 0.89) |
| BRS-αHF (ms/mmHg) | 1.32 (1.19; 1.53) | 1.10 (0.99; 1.24)*** |
| BRS-CB (ms/mmHg) | 10.3 ± 5.5 | 6.5 ± 3.2** |
| Chemoreflex sensitivity | ||
| CChS-Ve (L/min/mmHg) | 0.63 ± 0.50 | 0.78 ± 0.57 |
| PChS-Ve (L/min/%) | 0.39 (0.27; 0.55) | 0.30 (0.19; 0.52) |
| PChS-HR (bpm/%) | 0.61 ± 0.30 | 0.42 ± 0.17** |
| PChS-SBP (mmHg/%) | 0.55 ± 0.33 | 0.72 ± 0.22* |
Data are presented as a mean ± standard deviation or median with lower and upper quartile where appropriate
HR heart rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, SV stroke volume, CO cardiac output, SVR systemic vascular resistance, BR breathing rate, MV minute ventilation, etCO 2 end-tidal CO2 concentration, SpO 2 blood oxygen saturation, RMSSD the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals, pNN50 number of pairs of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms divided by the total number of all NN intervals, LF low frequency range of HRV spectrum, HF high frequency range of HRV spectrum, LF/HF low frequency HRV to high frequency HRV ratio, BRS-Seq cardiac baroreflex sensitivity assessed by the sequence method, BRS-αLF cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in a low frequency range assessed by the spectral method, BRS-αHF cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in a high frequency range assessed by the spectral method, BRS-CB cardiac baroreflex sensitivity assessed by the controlled breathing method, CChS-Ve central chemoreflex sensitivity in terms of respiratory response, PChS-Ve peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in terms of respiratory response, PChS-HR peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in terms of heart rate response, PChS-SBP peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in terms of systolic blood pressure response
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001