Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusteda percent change (95% CI) in outcomes associated with an IQR increase in the green space playing time (492 hr) and annual beach attendance (32 days) and with living within 300 m of a major green space (residential proximity), Barcelona, 2011.
| Outcome | Green space playing time | Annual beach attendance | Residential proximity |
|---|---|---|---|
| SDQ | |||
| Difficulties | |||
| Total | |||
| Unadjusted | –6.6 (–10.1, –2.9)** | –4.3 (–7.5, –0.9)** | –0.3 (–7.3, 7.2) |
| Adjusted | –4.8 (–8.6, –0.9)** | –3.9 (–7.2, –0.4)** | –1.3 (–8.2, 6.2) |
| Hyperactivity/inattention | |||
| Unadjusted | –4.0 (–8.1, 0.2)* | –0.6 (–4.3, 3.2) | –1.8 (–9.4, 6.3) |
| Adjusted | –2.7 (–7.0, 1.5) | –0.7 (–4.6, 3.2) | –3.0 (–10.6, 5.2) |
| Emotional symptoms | |||
| Unadjusted | –11.6 (–16.6, –6.2)** | –6.6 (–11.4, –1.6)** | 4.8 (–5.6, 16.4) |
| Adjusted | –8.2 (–13.9, –2.2)** | –3.9 (–9.1, 1.6) | 1.9 (–8.7, 13.8) |
| Conduct problems | |||
| Unadjusted | –3.7 (–9.7, 2.9) | –5.0 (–10.4, 0.7)* | 2.3 (–9.2, 15.3) |
| Adjusted | 0.7 (–5.6, 7.5) | –2.8 (–8.2, 2.9) | 0.6 (–10.6, 13.1) |
| Peer relationship problems | |||
| Unadjusted | –17.5 (–24.0, –10.4)** | –17.6 (–23.7, –11.1)** | –2.4 (–16.4, 13.8) |
| Adjusted | –15.4 (–22.7, –7.4)** | –16.8 (–23.4, –9.7)** | –5.1 (–19.1, 11.3) |
| Strengths | |||
| Prosocial behavior | |||
| Unadjusted | 0.3 (–0.9, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.0, 2.1)** | 0.9 (–1.3, 3.1) |
| Adjusted | 0.2 (–1.0, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.0, 2.2)** | 0.7 (–1.5, 3.0) |
| ADHD/DSM-IV | |||
| ADHD | |||
| Unadjusted | –1.6 (–8.8, 6.1) | –1.1 (–7.5, 5.8) | 4.6 (–8.9, 20.2) |
| Adjusted | –1.6 (–9.0, 6.4) | –0.1 (–6.7, 6.9) | 1.8 (–11.6, 17.3) |
| Inattention | |||
| Unadjusted | –0.7 (–7.8, 7.0) | –3.6 (–9.8, 3.0) | 2.6 (–10.6, 17.7) |
| Adjusted | –0.2 (–7.7, 7.9) | –2.4 (–8.9, 4.5) | –0.2 (–14.3, 23.5) |
| Hyperactivity-impulsivity | |||
| Unadjusted | –4.0 (–13.0, 5.9) | 3.2 (–5.2, 12.5) | 6.6 (–10.8, 27.3) |
| Adjusted | –5.4 (–14.5, 4.8) | 3.5 (–5.2, 12.9) | 2.9 (–14.3, 23.5) |
| aAdjusted for child’s school level, sex, ethnicity, preterm birth, breastfeeding, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, maternal smoking during pregnancy, responding person, parental educational achievement, parental employment status, parental marital status, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. *p < 0.1. **p < 0.05. | |||