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. 2014 Aug 6;14:198. doi: 10.1186/s12870-014-0198-2

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© Chen et al. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Synthesis of (A) amylose and (B) an amylopectin cluster in the endosperm. Starch synthase I (SSI): catalyzes the synthesis of elongated amylopectin chains with the degree of polymerization (DP) of approximately 6–7, to form chains of DP 8–12. SSII-a: catalyzes the synthesis of elongated amylopectin chains of DP 6–10 to DP 12–25. SSIII catalyzes the synthesis of long amylopectin chains of DP 25–35 or greater. Starch-branching enzyme I (SBEI) plays an important but not exclusive role in the synthesis of B1-, B2-, and B3 chains. SBEII-b performs a distinct function in the formation of A-chains. Debranching enzymes (DBEs) remove unnecessary or erroneous branches.