Figure 3.

Median net F₂ hybrid misregulation as a function of bioenergetic parameters for the pleiotropic (open boxes) and two-domain (shaded boxes) models, at population sizes 25–400. Bioenergetic parameter combinations determine G-P map and fitness landscape shapes following Figure 2, with shape “a” having the shallowest and “e” having the steepest slope. (A) Misregulation of the directionally selected trait. (B) Misregulation of the conserved trait. Note the different scales. Box plots show median, quartiles, and full ranges. Simulation conditions: directional selection was applied over 40,000 generations, using a 12-bit motif.