Table 2.
Incidence of postoperative pain
| Pain on admittance, n (%) | Pain before discharge, n (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NRS 0 | NRS 1–4 | NRS 5–10 | NRS 0 | NRS 1–4 | NRS 5–10 | ||
| Gender | Women | 4,085 (69) | 1,528 (26) | 279 (5) | 5,029 (85) | 857 (15) | 6 (0)* |
| Men | 4,775 (76) | 1,268 (20) | 270 (4)** | 5,539 (88) | 770 (12) | 4 (0)*,** | |
| Age | <40 years | 801 (61) | 416 (32) | 95 (7) | 1,030 (78) | 281 (21) | 1 (1)* |
| 40–80 years | 5,789 (72) | 1,850 (23) | 370 (5)** | 6,915 (86) | 1,087 (14) | 7 (0)* | |
| >80 years | 2,244 (78) | 530 (19) | 84 (3)** | 2,597 (91) | 259 (9) | 2 (0)*,** | |
| ASA classification | ASA I | 1,370 (69) | 510 (26) | 98 (5) | 1,644 (83) | 332 (17) | 2 (0)* |
| ASA II | 4,008 (73) | 1,246 (23) | 253 (4)** | 4,763 (86) | 768 (14) | 3 (0)*,** | |
| ASA III | 3,375 (74) | 1,009 (22) | 194 (4)** | 4,066 (89) | 508 (11) | 4 (0)*,** | |
| ASA IV | 81 (70) | 31 (27) | 4 (3) | 96 (83) | 19 (16) | 1 (1)* | |
| Surgical specialities | General surgery | 4,872 (67) | 1,961 (27) | 404 (6) | 6,081 (84) | 1,151 (16) | 5 (0)* |
| Cardiac surgery | 561 (84) | 96 (14) | 10 (2) | 620 (93) | 47 (7) | 0 (0)*,** | |
| Orthopaedic surgery | 433 (64) | 194 (29) | 48 (7)** | 548 (81) | 127 (19) | 0 (0)*,** | |
| Spine surgery | 403 (67) | 155 (26) | 45 (7) | 499 (83) | 102 (17) | 2 (0)* | |
| Urology | 1,357 (86) | 198 (12) | 29 (2)** | 1,496 (94) | 88 (6) | 3 (0)*,** | |
| Ophthalmology | 1,102 (87) | 160 (13) | 5 (0)** | 1,188 (94) | 79 (6) | 0 (0)*,** | |
| ENT surgery | 120 (82) | 25 (17) | 1 (1)** | 131 (90) | 15 (10) | 0 (0)*,** | |
| Anaesthetic technique | MAC | 391 (89) | 42 (10) | 3(1)** | 404 (93) | 32 (7) | 0 (0)*,** |
| Peripheral RA | 64 (84) | 12 (16) | 0 (0)** | 71 (93) | 5 (7) | 0 (0)* | |
| Central neuraxial RA | 973 (92) | 62 (7) | 13 (1)** | 966 (92) | 82 (8) | 0 (0)*,** | |
| General anaesthesia | 6,220 (69) | 2,303 (26) | 456 (5) | 7,692 (85) | 1,280 (15) | 7 (0) | |
| Combined anaesthesia | 1,187 (73) | 377 (23) | 68 (4) | 1,411 (86) | 228 (14) | 1 (0)* | |
| Duration of anaesthesia | <60 min | 162 (83) | 30 (15) | 4 (2) | 176 (90) | 20 (10) | 0 (0)* |
| 60–180 min | 6,042 (77) | 1,610 (20) | 236 (3) | 6,973 (88) | 909 (12) | 6 (0)* | |
| >180 min | 2,630 (64) | 1,156 (28) | 309 (8)** | 3,393 (83) | 698 (17) | 4 (0)*,** | |
| Intensity of nursing care | PACU | 7,288 (66) | 1,986 (21) | 329 (5) | 8,417 (88) | 1,181 (12) | 5 (0)* |
| IMC | 1,583 (62) | 778 (30) | 215 (8)** | 2,146 (83) | 427 (17) | 3 (0)*,** | |
ASA classification American Society of Anesthesiologists’ classification, ENT ear-nose-throat, IMC intermediate care (more complex, intermediate care patients, NEMS >15), MAC monitored anaesthesia care, NRS numeric rating scale, PACU post-anaesthesia care unit (regular post-anaesthesia care unit patients, NEMS ≤15), RA regional anaesthesia.
*p <0.05 (comparison admittance-discharge), **p <0.05 (gender: comparison with women; age: comparison with age <40 years; ASA classification: comparison with ASA I; surgical specialities: comparison with general surgery; anaesthetic technique: comparison with general anaesthesia; duration of anaesthesia: comparison with duration <60 min; intensity of nursing: comparison with PACU).