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. 2014 Dec 5;16(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s12968-014-0093-x

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© Hartlage et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Measurement of paravalvular leak (PVL) regurgitant fraction (RF) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). The positioning of the scan plane is demonstrated for the balloon-expandable prosthesis in the aortic root 2-3 mm above the valve stent frame (A). The regions of interest are traced on the magnitude images (anatomical scan; B) and the phase images (flow scan; C). The regions of interest include the entire intra-luminal, cross sectional area of flow just above the transcatheter valve. The flow through the region of interest is calculated throughout the cardiac cycle (D), with the area under the curve (above baseline) representing forward flow volume and the area above the curve (below baseline) representing reverse flow volume. The aortic regurgitant fraction was calculated by dividing the reverse flow volume by the forward flow volume (mild ≤ 20%, moderate 21-39%, severe ≥40%).