Table 1.
Description of the sample
| Bipolar population (N =170,713) a | Never initiated SGA during study period (N =81,167, 64.1% of those eligible for SGA initiation) | Ever initiated SGA during study period (N =45,389, 35.9% of those eligible for SGA initiation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| Age at study entry b | 50.3 | 13.3 | 51.6 | 13.6 | 48.3 | 13.0 |
| N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Gender (female) | 24,076 | 14.1 | 10,804 | 13.3 | 6,954 | 15.3 |
| Disability status ≥50% c,d | 52,584 | 30.9 | 23,067 | 28.5 | 13,148 | 29.0 |
| Marital status d | 76,315 | 44.9 | 34,786 | 43.3 | 18,265 | 40.5 |
| Race/ethnicity e | ||||||
| White | 127,742 | 82.2 | 60,381 | 83.0 | 34,425 | 82.6 |
| African American | 20,884 | 13.4 | 9,305 | 12.8 | 5,588 | 13.4 |
| Hispanic | 4,034 | 2.6 | 1,861 | 2.6 | 891 | 2.1 |
| Other race/ethnicityc | 2,684 | 1.7 | 700 | 1.0 | 455 | 1.1 |
| Clinical/treatment course d | ||||||
| Psychotic features | 22,119 | 13.0 | 6,822 | 8.4 | 7,322 | 16.1 |
| Bipolar type I (versus type II/NOS)f | 145,128 | 85.0 | 68,344 | 84.2 | 40,283 | 88.8 |
| Antidepressant prescription | 139,807 | 81.9 | 55,920 | 68.9 | 34,969 | 77.0 |
| Antimanic prescription | 128,596 | 75.3 | 51,820 | 63.8 | 35,755 | 78.8 |
| Any psychiatric hospitalization | 64,117 | 37.6 | 23,284 | 28.7 | 21,330 | 47.0 |
| Comorbidities d | ||||||
| Diabetes | 42,517 | 24.9 | 20,679 | 25.5 | 10,138 | 22.3 |
| Obesity | 61,182 | 35.8 | 27,469 | 33.8 | 16,581 | 36.5 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 101,886 | 59.7 | 47,770 | 58.9 | 26,190 | 57.7 |
| Substance abuse | 79,658 | 46.7 | 33,202 | 40.9 | 23,280 | 51.3 |
| Tobacco use disorder | 86,311 | 50.6 | 37,406 | 46.1 | 24,182 | 53.3 |
| Anxiety disorder | 102,130 | 59.8 | 43,310 | 53.4 | 27,331 | 60.2 |
| Sleep disorder | 29,355 | 17.2 | 11,762 | 14.5 | 8,072 | 17.8 |
| Cardiac dysrhythmia | 19,600 | 11.5 | 9,509 | 11.7 | 4,827 | 10.6 |
| Liver disorder | 22,332 | 13.1 | 9,460 | 11.7 | 5,997 | 13.2 |
| Kidney disorder | 19,044 | 11.2 | 9,271 | 11.4 | 4,729 | 10.4 |
| Thyroid disorderc | 20,226 | 11.9 | 9,429 | 11.6 | 5,566 | 12.3 |
| Traumatic brain injury | 9,209 | 5.4 | 3,629 | 4.5 | 2,557 | 5.6 |
aIncludes data on those patients ineligible to be labeled as SGA initiator or SGA non-initiator (N = 44,157).
bUnless otherwise stated, all comparisons between the ever-initiated and never-initiated groups were p < .0001.
cFor these variables, comparison between the ever-initiated and never-initiated groups was p > .0001 (>50% disability status: p = .0385; other race/ethnicity: p = .0120; thyroid disorder, p = .0006).
dUnless otherwise stated, these variables were coded as present if they occurred at any point during the study period.
eBased on smaller N, due to missing values for 9% of the sample.
fAt patient’s last available data during the study period.