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. 2014 Dec 5;8:89. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00089

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Copyright © 2014 Coubard, Urbanski, Bourlon and Gaumet.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Inferior view of the brain showing the five main visual pathways, in which left is right and vice-versa. (A) Retino-occipital or retino-cortical visual pathway. (B) Retino-collicular or retinotectal visual pathway. (C) Retino-pretectal visual pathway. (D) Retino-hypothalamic visual pathway. Accessory optic visual pathway is not shown. Thick arrows show the different trajectories of ganglion neurons originating in leftward hemi-retinas (temporal hemi-retina of the left eye and nasal hemi-retina of the right eye). Ganglion neurons originating in rightward hemi-retinas exhibit mirror trajectories but are not illustrated here for clarity of display. From O.A. Coubard (© O.A. Coubard, with permission).