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. 2014 Dec 5;8:398. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00398

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Copyright © 2014 Galow, Schneider, Lewen, Ta, Papageorgiou and Kann.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Gamma oscillations in the presence of lactate and glutamine. (A) Gamma oscillations were induced by bath application of acetylcholine (2 μmol/L) and physostigmine (400 nmol/L) in the presence of 20 mmol/L lactate (black bar); after 30 min, 2 mmol/L glutamine was added (green bar). Local field potentials (LFP) were recorded in stratum pyramidale of the CA3 subfield (sample traces). (B) Corresponding power spectra of sample traces shown in (A) were calculated from 100 s taken at the end of each data segment. (C) Gamma oscillations were analyzed for various parameters, i.e., peak frequency (Freq), area under curve (AUC), full width at half maximum (FWHM), peak power spectral density (PSD), amplitude (Ampl), and variance of the amplitude (Var) (n = 19, N = 4). Note that glutamine has only a minor effect on the frequency of gamma oscillations. Paired t-test. Statistical significance is marked by asterisks (P < 0.05).