Table 2.
Identified risk factors associated with ADR in the elderly
| Patient-related risk factors | Age16,28 |
| Female sex15,24,26 | |
| Rural residential location16 | |
| Socioeconomic status16 | |
| Disease-related risk factors | Comorbid burden21,25 |
| Cardiovascular disease21 | |
| Diabetes mellitus23 | |
| Cancer16 | |
| Depression21 | |
| Impaired renal function16,28 | |
| Dementia23 | |
| Hyperlipidemia25 | |
| Elevated white blood cell count25 | |
| Liver disease28 | |
| Medication-related factors | Number of medications15,20–23,25,26 |
| Antihypertensive medications23,24 | |
| Antithrombotic/anticoagulant medications17,22,24 | |
| Antibacterials22,23 | |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)17,23 | |
| Antidiabetic medications25 | |
| Psycholeptics23 | |
| Drug–drug interactions17 | |
| Other factors | History of falls26 |
| Limitations in activities of daily living26 |
Abbreviation: ADR, adverse drug reaction.