Table 1.
Selected characteristics of SAGE II participants with asthma
| Controlled | Partially Controlled |
Poorly Controlled |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 207 | 204 | 275 | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 13.4 (10.5, 16.3) | 13.5 (10.9, 16.1) | 13.5 (10.7, 16.8) | 0.86 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.44 | |||
| Male | 100 (48.3) | 105 (51.5) | 149 (54.2) | |
| Maternal Education*, n (%) | 0.03 | |||
| Low | 19 (9.2) | 27 (13.2) | 50 (18.2) | |
| Medium | 52 (25.1) | 51 (25.0) | 77 (28.0) | |
| High | 136 (65.7) | 126 (61.8) | 148 (53.8) | |
| Annual Household Income, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| < 25 K | 53 (25.6) | 83 (40.7) | 139 (50.5) | |
| 25–100 K | 124 (59.9) | 97 (47.5) | 117 (42.5) | |
| > 100 K | 30 (14.5) | 24 (11.8) | 19 (6.9) | |
| Insurance Status†, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| No Insurance | 2 (1.0) | 2 (1.0) | 6 (2.2) | |
| Public | 59 (28.5) | 83 (40.7) | 136 (49.5) | |
| Public-Closed HN | 31 (15.0) | 22 (10.8) | 36 (13.1) | |
| Closed HN | 98 (47.3) | 87 (42.6) | 84 (30.5) | |
| Private | 17 (8.2) | 10 (4.9) | 13 (4.7) | |
| SES Index‡, median (IQR) | 8 (6,8) | 7 (6,8) | 6 (5,8) | <0.001 |
| In Utero Smoke Exposure, n(%) | 0.02 | |||
| Yes | 31 (15.0) | 45 (22.1) | 71 (25.8) | |
| Indoor Exposure to Mold, n(%) | ||||
| Yes | 57 (27.5) | 59 (28.9) | 97 (35.3) | 0.14 |
| NO2 exposure(ppb)§, Median (IQR) | 10.6 (8.1, 15.5) | 10.9 (8.4, 15.6) | 11.6 (8.6, 15.5) | 0.60 |
| Missing, n(%) | 30 (18.4) | 42 (20.6) | 41 (14.9) | |
| BMI Percentile, Median (IQR) | 85 (66.0, 97.0) | 86.5 (59.8, 97.0) | 88 (60.0, 97.0) | 0.92 |
| Missing, n(%) | 16 (7.7) | 12 (5.6) | 12 (4.4) | |
| Global African Ancestry‖, Median (IQR) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.87) | 0.82 (0.75, 0.86) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.86) | 0.69 |
| Missing, n(%) | 26 (12.6) | 19 (9.3) | 38 (13.8) | |
| Family History of Atopy, n(%) | ||||
| Asthma | 156 (75.4) | 155 (76.0) | 229 (83.3) | 0.06 |
| Eczema | 101 (48.8) | 111 (54.4) | 152 (55.3) | 0.33 |
| Allergic Rhinitis | 145 (70.0) | 122 (59.8) | 163 (59.3) | 0.03 |
| History of Breastfeeding, n(%) | 0.005 | |||
| Yes | 136 (65.7) | 114 (55.9) | 140 (50.9) | |
| Early Daycare Attendance, n(%) | 0.007 | |||
| Yes | 167 (80.7) | 155 (76.0) | 188 (68.4) | |
| Medication Use**, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| No Medications | 33 (15.9) | 13 (6.4) | 10 (3.6) | |
| Rescue Inhalers | 55 (26.6) | 50 (24.5) | 50 (16.2) | |
| Controller Monotherapy | 93 (44.9) | 104 (51.0) | 134 (48.7) | |
| Combination Therapy | 26 (12.6) | 37 (18.1) | 81 (29.5) | |
| Oral Corticosteroids, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 12 (5.9) | 47 (23.3) | 83 (30.3) | |
| Unknown | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) | 3 (1.1) | |
Maternal education categorized into low (less than high school graduate), medium (high school graduate), and high (some college or higher)
Public: government subsidized insurance with care through community-based clinics; Public-Closed HN: government subsidized insurance with care through closed health network; Closed HN = closed health network
Composite Socioeconomic Index: derived from reported maternal education attainment level, annual household income, and insurance status
Nitrogen Dioxide exposure, ppb= parts per billion, represents average 24hr-NO2 exposure for the 30 days prior to recruitment
Ancestry proportions derived from genome wide data
Rescue Inhaler indicates the use of short acting Beta-Agonist as only medication, monotherapy indicates the use of inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonist, or theophylline to control asthma, combination therapy indicates the concomitant use of two or more controller medications with or without long-acting beta agonists, and oral corticosteroids indicates any participant requiring oral corticosteroids in the 12 months prior to recruitment