Figure 4.

Example results from the delay line experiments. In the three panels, A–C: different FPD values are compared for each signal processing approach implemented. The statistical values for each of these panels are shown in the Table1. For this example, the simulation results chosen were for a “transit time” of 2 µs and a simulated FPD of 3 ns, as measured by an oscilloscope (Tektronix, Fort Worth, TX, TDS 2004B). A: Histogram of the FPD values calculated using the direct method with red markers labeled M1, M2, and M3 placed on the histogram to indicate the statistical outcomes in the population after the FPD calculation. B: Histogram of FPD values calculated from the Gaussian regression method with a red marker labeled M4. C: Histogram of FPD values calculated from the half-area interpolation method with a red marker labeled M5. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]