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. 2014 Dec 5;5:652. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00652

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Schematic representation of the diversification within the CC398 lineage. Representatives of the ancestral prophage-free CC398 population were identified in the form of pig-borne colonizing isolates (upper part) (Hernandez et al., 2013; van der Mee-Marquet et al., 2013). The acquisition by such prophage-free isolates of the φ3 prophage and the φL54a prophage resulted in the ancestral MSSA isolates: human isolates carrying the φ3-prophage and pig-borne colonizing isolates carrying the φL54a prophage, respectively (Corvaglia et al., 2013; Hernandez et al., 2013; van der Mee-Marquet et al., 2013). The acquisition of the φMR11-like prophage by the human isolates resulted in human-adapted MSSA carrying φ3- and φMR11-like-prophages (Corvaglia et al., 2013; van der Mee-Marquet et al., 2013); the acquisition by the pig-borne colonizing isolates of the SCCmec cassette resulted in the pig-borne colonizing MRSA isolates (Hernandez et al., 2013; van der Mee-Marquet et al., 2013). The acquisition of MGEs, including the φMR11-like prophage, which contains genes contributing to bacterial virulence, resulted in the emergence of MSSA and MRSA isolates responsible for infections in both livestock and pet species (lower part).