Table 1. Geographic origin, relevant cytogenetic traits and GISH results of the eleven Triatominae species analyzed by three genomic probes.
| SPECIES | Male Diploid Number (2n) | Amount (%) autosomal C-heterochromatin | Chromosome location of Autosomal C-bands | X chromosome | GISH results. Hybridization signals | Geographic Origin. Country: Department, Locality, habitat |
| TRIBE TRIATOMINI | ||||||
| Triatoma delpontei | 20A + XY | Polymorphic, 45–50% | 9–10 autosomal pairs with large C-blocks in only one chromosomal end (Figure 1g) | Almost entirely C-heterochromatic | All chromatin. 9–10 bivalents and X chromosome with strongest hybridization signals in only one chromosomal end. Y chromosome almost totally labeled (Figure 1c and 1f) | Bolivia: Santa Cruz, Tita, S. 18° 34′ 31″ S, 62° 40′ 05″ W. |
| Triatoma infestans Andean Group | 20A + XY | Polymorphic, 40–50% | 7–9 autosomal pairs with C-blocks of different size in one or two chromosomal ends (Figure 1i) | Almost entirely C-heterochromatic | All chromatin. 6 bivalents with strongest hybridization signals (different size and chromosome location). Y chromosome intensively and totally labeled while that X chromosome has a small signal (Figure 1h) | Bolivia: Potosí, Palquiza, S. 21° 31′ 41″ S, 65° 45′ 04″ W, and Potosí, Thago Thago, S. 18° 00′ 44″ S, 65° 48′ 31″ W. |
| Triatoma infestans Non-Andean Group | 20A + XY | Polymorphic, 24–30% | 3 autosomal pairs with C-blocks in one or two chromosomal ends (Figures 2c and 2e) | Euchromatic | All chromatin. Hybridization signals strongest in 3 larger autosomal pairs and the whole Y chromosome. The X no have strong labeled (Figures 2b and 2d) | Argentina: Chaco. Tres Estacas, P. 26° 54′ 30″ S, 51° 40′ 23″ W. |
| Triatoma platensis | 20A + XY | Polymorphic, 10–12% | 2–4 autosomal pairs with small C-blocks in one or two chromosomal ends | Almost entirely C-heterochromatic | All chromatin. 3 largest bivalents with strong and small signals. Y and X chromosomes intensively and totally labeled (Figure 2f) | Uruguay: Paysandú, S. 32° 18′ 28″, 58° 02′ 59″ W. |
| Mepraia spinolai | 20A + X1X2Y | Polymorphic, 15–25% | All autosomes with C-dots in one or two chromosomal ends (Figure 2l) | Small C-dots in both Xs chromosomes | All chromatin (Figures 2j and 2k). All bivalents with strong hybridization signals in chromosomal ends. Y chromosome intensively and totally labeled (Figure 2i) | Chile: Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Colina, S. 33° 11′ 53″ S, 70° 39′ 42″ W. |
| Triatoma dimidiata | 20A + X1X2Y | Polymorphic, 5–10% | All autosomes with C-dots in one or both ends | Euchromatic | All chromatin. Only Y chromosome intensively and totally labeled (Figure 3b) | Guatemala: Jutiapa, Carrizal, D. 14° 25′ 48″ N, 89° 57′ 28″W |
| Triatoma carrioni | 20A + XY | 5% | 2 autosomal pairs with C-dots in one chromosomal end | Euchromatic | All chromatin. Only Y chromosome intensively and totally labeled (Figure 3c) | Peru: Piura, Ayabaca, S. 4° 35′ 00″ S, 79° 43′ 00″ W. |
| Triatoma protracta | 20A + X1X2Y | Polymorphic, 35–45% | All autosomes with C-blocks in one or two chromosomal ends (Figure 3e) | X1 with C-dots in both ends. X2 euchromatic | All chromatin. Only Y chromosome intensively and totally labeled (Figure 3d) | Insectary Justin Schmidt (USA). Origin colony: USA, Arizona, S. |
| Dipetalogaster maxima | 20A + XY | 0% | Without autosomal C-heterochromatin | Euchromatic | All chromatin. Only Y chromosome intensively and totally labeled (Figure 3f) | Mexico: Baja California Sur, La Paz, S. 24° 09′ N, 110° 17′ W. |
| Eratyrus mucronatus | 20A + X1X2Y | Polymorphic, 0–5% | 0–1 autosomal pair with C-blocks | Euchromatic | All chromatin. Only Y chromosome intensively and totally labeled (Figure 3g) | Insectary E. Chagas. Origin: Brazil, Para, S. |
| Panstrongylus geniculatus | 20A + X1X2Y | 0% | Without autosomal C-heterochromatin | Both X chromosomes with C-dots | All chromatin. Only Y chromosome intensively and totally labeled (Figure 3h) | Colombia: Antioquia, Amalfi, S. 6° 55′ 58″ N, 75° 05′ 30″ S. |
| TRIBE RHODNIINI | ||||||
| Rhodnius prolixus | 20A + XY | 0% | Without autosomal C-heterochromatin | Euchromatic | Hybridization signals scattered throughout all chromosomes. No chromosomal region was observed with specific labeling, including the heterochromatic Y chromosome (Figure 3i) | Insectary CDC (USA). Origin: Colombia. S. |
These genomic probes produce the same hybridization pattern in each species but the chromosomal location of the most intense signals allows recognizing a species-specific hybridization patterns. P = peridomiciliary; D = domiciliary; S = sylvatic.