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. 2014 Dec 5;9(12):e114723. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114723

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© 2014 Lian et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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16S rRNA genes (A), AOB amoA genes (B), and AOA amoA genes (C) were amplified from the flowing (A1–5) and the stationary phase (packing material) (P1–8), respectively. Electrophoresis was carried out at a constant voltage of 80 V at 60°C for 12 h. Gels were stained with GoldViewer dye. A1–5: the Inlet, Sampling port 1–3, and the Outlet, correspondingly; P1–8: Packing 1–8, correspondingly.