Table. Serologic results for IgG against HMPV in chimpanzees and gorillas at the incident zoological facility, United States, 1994–2012*.
| Great ape | Age at outbreak, y† | Arrived at facility | Year |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | |||||
| Chimpanzee troop 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| AM | 18.3 | 2004 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | N | NT | N | N‡ | P | NT | P | ||
| AF1 | 24.6 | 2004 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | N | NT | N | NT | NT | NT | P | ||
| AF2 | 18.6 | 2004 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | N | NT | N | NT | NT | P | NT | ||
| AF3 | 15.2 | 2004 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | N | NT | NT N | NT | NT | NT | P | ||
| SAM1 | 9.2 | 2004 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | N | NT | N | N§ | NT | NT | NT | ||
| SAM2 | 10.1 | 2004 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | N | NT | N | NT | N | NT | NT | P | NT | ||
| SAF | 9.5 | 2004 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | N | NT | N | NT | NT | P | NT | ||
| Chimpanzee troop 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| AM | 50.8 | 1959 | NT | NT | P | NT | NT | P | NT | P | P | NT | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | P | ||
| AF1 | 43.4 | 1965 | NT | P | P | NT | NT | P | P | P | P | NT | P | NT | P | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | P | ||
| AF2 | 44.2 | 1971 | P | NT | P | NT | NT | P | NT | P | P | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | NT | ||
| AF3 | 28.6 | 1980 | P | NT | P | NT | NT | P | P | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | P | P | NT | NT | P | ||
| AF4 | 43.8 | 1970 | P | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | P | P | P | NT | NT | NT | P | P | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | ||
| Gorilla troop 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| AM | 20.1 | 1998 | NT | NT | NT | NT | N | NT | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | NT | P | NT | P | NT | NT | ||
| AF1 | 31.2 | 1978 | NT | P | P | NT | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | NT | ||
| AF2 | 20.2 | 1989 | NT | NT | NT | NT | N | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | P | P | NT | NT | NT | ||
| AF3 | 12.8 | 1996 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | P | P | NT | NT | NT | ||
| JM | 3.6 | 2005 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | N | NT | NT | P | NT | ||
| Gorilla troop 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| AM | 28.9 | 1980 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | P | ||
| AF1 | 21.7 | 1987 | NT | NT | N | N | NT | N | NT | NT | P | NT | NT | P | NT | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | P | ||
| AF2 | 18.5 | 1990 | P | NT | NT | P | NT | NT | P | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | NT | P | P | NT | NT | P | NT | ||
| AF3 | 16.9 | 1992 | NT | N | NT | N | N | NT | P | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | P | P | NT | NT | NT | ||
| AF4 | 12.5 | 1996 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | P | NT | P | NT | P | NT | NT | NT | ||
| JM1 | 5.3 | 2004 | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | N | N | NT | N | NT | NT | NT | NT | ||
*HPMV, human metapneumovirus; AM, adult male; NT, not tested (animal was not present at the facility; not born; died; or sampling was not performed that year); N, HMPV IgG seronegative; P, HPMV IgG HMPV seropositive; AF, adult female; SAM, subadult male; SAF, subadult female; JM, juvenile male. Gray shading indicates seroconversion or ≥4-fold increase in HMPV IgG titer, and black shading indicates death caused by HMPV. †Day of symptom onset for HMPV outbreak was March 18, 2009. ‡Serum collected January 2009 and antibody negative. §Serum collected postoutbreak on March 23 and no IgG against HMPV was detected.