Table 4. Adjusted geometric mean concentration of hormonesa bycategories of average alcohol type among 2,000 premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II.
| Total alcohol intake by type b | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (# drinks per week) | p for trend adjusted for other type c | Percent differenced and 95% CI | |||||
| Hormone and category | N | Non-drinker | <1 | 1-4 | 5+ | ||
| 4A. Total wine | |||||||
| Range N | (130-618) | (99-452) | (117-524) | (62-225) | |||
| Follicular Estradiol (pg/mL) | 1,403 | 80.9 | 74.7 | 72.9 | 91.3 | 0.31 | 12.9% (-8.3%, 38.9%) |
| Luteal Estradiol (pg/mL) | 1,531 | 142 | 159 | 153 | 168 | 0.05 | 17.3% (6.4%, 29.3%) |
| Follicular Free Estradiol (pg/mL) | 1,367 | 0.82 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.24 | 5.5% (-9.3%, 22.8%) |
| Luteal Free Estradiol (pg/mL) | 1,515 | 1.79 | 1.97 | 1.85 | 1.93 | 0.51 | 7.3% (-2.3%, 17.8%) |
| Follicular Estrone (pg/mL) | 1,423 | 49.4 | 48.4 | 47.9 | 49.9 | 0.79 | 1.1% (-8.4%, 11.5%) |
| Luteal Estrone (pg/mL) | 1,578 | 83.7 | 91.7 | 92.6 | 95.2 | 0.13 | 12.7% (4.2%, 21.8%) |
| Follicular estrone sulfate (pg/mL) | 444 | 795 | 826 | 915 | 961 | 0.28 | 20.9% (-3.6%, 51.6%) |
| Luteal estrone sulfate (pg/mL) | 449 | 1,524 | 1,655 | 1,585 | 1,706 | 0.63 | 13.0% (-12.6%, 46.0%) |
| Luteal Progesterone (ng/dL) | 1,595 | 1,217 | 1,214 | 1,304 | 1,217 | 0.53 | -1.0% (-10.8%, 9.9%) |
| DHEA (ng/dL)e | 386 | 916 | 887 | 836 | 847 | 0.20 | -8.2% (-21.9%, 7.9%) |
| DHEAS (μg/dL)e | 1,085 | 128 | 119 | 127 | 130 | 0.72 | 1.1% (-9.3%, 12.8%) |
| Testosterone (ng/dL)f | 1,967 | 24.0 | 23.7 | 23.7 | 24.2 | 0.86 | 0.7% (-5.2%, 7.0%) |
| Free testosterone (ng/dL)f | 1,906 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.02 | -9.1% (-16.1%, -1.4%) |
| Androstenedione (ng/dL)f | 627 | 131 | 131 | 124 | 132 | 0.88 | 0.9% (-.8.6%, 11.3%) |
| Prolactin (ng/dL)f | 1,301 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 20.6 | 23.1 | 0.85 | 4.7% (-7.0%, 18.0%) |
| SHBG (nmol/L)f | 1,682 | 73.0 | 75.7 | 74.9 | 77.9 | 0.36 | 6.1% (-1.5%, 14.2%) |
| 4B. Total beer | |||||||
| Range N | (130-618) | (64-310) | (78-368) | (26-120) | |||
| Follicular Estradiol (pg/mL) | 1,402 | 78.5 | 82.0 | 69.9 | 86.8 | 0.94 | 10.6% (-21.0%, 54.9%) |
| Luteal Estradiol (pg/mL) | 1,530 | 144 | 150 | 161 | 166 | 0.23 | 15.7%(2.7%, 30.4%) |
| Follicular Free Estradiol (pg/mL) | 1,366 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.26 | -7.9% (-26.7%, 15.9%) |
| Luteal Free Estradiol (pg/mL) | 1,514 | 1.81 | 1.83 | 1.93 | 1.99 | 0.35 | 10.3% (-4.3%, 27.0%) |
| Follicular Estrone (pg/mL) | 1,422 | 48.9 | 52.3 | 46.6 | 50.4 | 0.76 | 3.1% (-9.3%, 17.2%) |
| Luteal Estrone (pg/mL) | 1,577 | 84.4 | 92.4 | 95.2 | 95.3 | 0.15 | 13.0% (1.8%, 25.4%) |
| Follicular estrone sulfate (pg/mL) | 444 | 763 | 912 | 1032 | 836 | 0.49 | 9.6% (-16.8%, 44.4%) |
| Luteal estrone sulfate (pg/mL) | 449 | 1,502 | 1,702 | 1,606 | 1,690 | 0.76 | 12.5% (-15.5%, 49.9%) |
| Luteal Progesterone (ng/dL) | 1,594 | 1,229 | 1,211 | 1,281 | 1,352 | 0.10 | 10.0%(-3.2%, 25.1%) |
| DHEA (ng/dL)e | 386 | 913 | 804 | 943 | 960 | 0.04 | 5.1% (-13.5%, 27.7%) |
| DHEAS (μg/dL)e | 1,085 | 127 | 125 | 130 | 124 | 0.62 | -2.2% (-16.6%, 14.9%) |
| Testosterone (ng/dL)f | 1,966 | 23.8 | 24.4 | 24.7 | 23.8 | 0.36 | -0.1% (-8.0%, 8.5%) |
| Free testosterone (ng/dL)f | 1,905 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.87 | -9.7%(-18.3%, -0.3%) |
| Androstenedione (ng/dL)f | 627 | 130 | 134 | 135 | 147 | 0.01 | 12.3% (-3.9%, 31.1%) |
| Prolactin (ng/dL)f | 1,301 | 21.6 | 23.3 | 21.3 | 24.0 | 0.08 | 11.1% (-4.5%, 29.4%) |
| SHBG (nmol/L)f | 1,681 | 73.5 | 74.4 | 75.1 | 79.2 | 0.39 | 7.8%(-1.6%, 18.1%) |
| 4C. Liquor | |||||||
| Range N | (130-618) | (81-374) | (46-169) | (20-34) | |||
| Follicular Estradiol (pg/mL) | 1,400 | 78.5 | 71.5 | 83.3 | 103 | 0.39 | 30.8% (-35.9%, 167%) |
| Luteal Estradiol (pg/mL) | 1,528 | 143 | 163 | 154 | 172 | 0.42 | 20.1% (0.6%, 43.2%) |
| Follicular Free Estradiol (pg/mL) | 1,364 | 0.81 | 0.74 | 0.85 | 0.64 | 0.41 | -21.4% (-40.8%, 4.2%) |
| Luteal Free Estradiol (pg/mL) | 1,512 | 1.80 | 1.93 | 1.82 | 1.96 | 0.97 | 8.7% (-9.8%, 31.1%) |
| Follicular Estrone (pg/mL) | 1,420 | 49.1 | 47.3 | 53.5 | 47.6 | 0.54 | -3.1% (-20.7%, 18.5%) |
| Luteal Estrone (pg/mL) | 1,575 | 84.3 | 94.8 | 91.6 | 107 | 0.13 | 27.2% (2.5%, 57.7%) |
| Follicular estrone sulfate (pg/mL) | 443 | 801 | 833 | 960 | - | 0.63 | 19.8% (-3.9%, 49.5%) |
| Luteal estrone sulfate (pg/mL) | 448 | 1,503 | 1,646 | 1,732 | - | 0.48 | 15.2% (-11.6%, 50.3%) |
| Luteal Progesterone (ng/dL) | 1,592 | 1,226 | 1,236 | 1,266 | 1,231 | 0.89 | 0.4%(-20.8%, 27.3%) |
| DHEA (ng/dL)e | 385 | 943 | 892 | 935 | - | 0.41 | -0.9%(-15.8%, 16.8%) |
| DHEAS (μg/dL)e | 1,082 | 131 | 139 | 139 | 122 | 0.44 | -6.8% (-25.8%, 17.1%) |
| Testosterone (ng/dL)f | 1,963 | 23.9 | 24.7 | 23.8 | 23.4 | 0.93 | -2.1% (-14.1%, 11.5%) |
| Free testosterone (ng/dL)f | 1,902 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.78 | -5.0% (-19.2%, 11.6%) |
| Androstenedione (ng/dL)f | 627 | 130 | 133 | 124 | - | 0.40 | -4.7%(-14.9%, 6.6%) |
| Prolactin (ng/dL)f | 1,298 | 21.7 | 21.0 | 20.6 | 26.3 | 0.71 | 21.0% (-17.0%, 76.3%) |
| SHBG (nmol/L)f | 1,678 | 73.3 | 77.4 | 75.7 | 80.0 | 0.39 | 9.1%(-6.2%, 26.9%) |
All geometric mean concentrations are adjusted for age at blood collection (continuous), BMI at blood collection (continuous), smoking (never smoker, past smoker with >= 5 years since quitting, past smoker with <5 years since quitting, current smoker of <15 cigarettes per day, current smoker of 15+ cigarettes per day), duration of past oral contraceptive use (never, <4 years, 4+ years), age at first birth/parity (nulliparous, 1-2 children and age at first birth < 25 years, 1-2 children and age at first birth > 25 years, >3 children and age at first birth < 25 years, >3 children and age at first birth > 25 years), age at menarche (<12, 12-13, >13 years), and physical activity in MET-hours/week (continuous), date of blood collection (month/year, ≤ 1/97, 2/97-1/98, 2/98-1/99, ≥2/99), time of day of blood collection (1-8 a.m., 9 a.m. to noon, 1-4p.m., 5p.m. to midnight) and fasting status (<10, ≥10 hours). Models that included luteal or average of timed samples also were adjusted for the difference between luteal blood draw date and date of next menstrual period (3-7, 8-12, 13-17, 18-21 days, unknown/untimed).
Total alcohol by type excludes women who only drank other alcohol types
p-for trend across alcohol category including all women and adjusting for other alcohol types
Percent difference for highest category of alcohol use vs. no alcohol use
Luteal/untimed
Average of follicular and luteal measures, or untimed
Geometric mean concentration of follicular estrone sulfate, luteal estrone sulfate, DHEA, and androstenedione reflect liquor intake of 1+ drinks per week in highest category of alcohol use