Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants (N = 20).
| N = 20 (SD) | |
|---|---|
| Sex | 14 M / 6 F |
| Age in years | 52.7 (7.8) |
| Race | |
| Caucasian | 18 |
| Latin American | 1 |
| Black Caribbean | 1 |
| Diagnosis | |
| Schizophrenia | 17 |
| Schizoaffective disorder | 3 |
| Highest level of education attained | |
| University degree | 2 |
| College degree | 4 |
| High-school degree | 14 |
| Age at onset of illness in years | 27.5 (11.1) |
| Length of illness in years | 25.2 (12.2) |
| Number of hospitalizations | 4.9 (5.3) |
| Anticholinergic medication | |
| Procyclidine | 18 |
| Benztropine | 2 |
| Dose of anticholinergic in mg* | 7.3 (3.3) |
| Length of uninterrupted treatment with anticholinergic in months | 71.8 (58.0) |
| Antipsychotic | 20 |
| Haloperidol | 1 |
| Loxapine | 1 |
| Zuclopenthixol long-acting injectable | 1 |
| Clozapine | 4 |
| Olanzapine (including orally disintegrating) | 6 |
| Quetiapine (including XR) | 4 |
| Risperidone | 6 |
| Risperidone long-acting injectable | 5 |
| Ziprasidone | 3 |
| Combination 2 antipsychotics | 7 |
| Combination 3 antipsychotics | 2 |
| Mood stabilizer | 8 |
| Divalproex sodium | 2 |
| Gabapentin | 4 |
| Lithium | 2 |
| Antidepressants | 3 |
| Fluoxetine | 1 |
| Paroxetine | 1 |
| Venlafaxine XR | 1 |
| Sedatives | 6 |
| Clonazepam | 3 |
| Diazepam | 1 |
| Lorazepam | 1 |
| Trazodone | 1 |
*
In procyclidine equivalents where 1 mg of benztropine = 2 mg of procyclidine [Stanilla and Simpson, 2009].
SD, standard deviation; XR, extended release.