Table 3.

Logistic regression predicting current menthol smoking from psychological distress and covariates for a nationally representative sample of Americans participating in the 2008 and 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Respondent characteristics	OR (95% CI)	p Value*
Psychological distress (K6)†
None or mild	1.00 (reference group)
Moderate	1.03 (0.92 to 1.15)	0.58
Severe	1.23 (1.04 to 1.46)	0.02
Gender
Male	1.00 (reference group)
Female	1.59 (1.42 to 1.77)	<0.0001
Age (years)
35 or older	1.00 (reference group)
18–25	1.62 (1.40 to 1.86)	<0.0001
26–34	1.07 (0.93 to 1.23)	0.37
Race/ethnicity
Caucasian‡	1.00 (reference group)
African–American‡	18.60 (14.63 to 23.64)	<0.0001
Hispanic	1.76 (1.51 to 2.06)	<0.0001
Asian–American‡	1.44 (1.01 to 2.05)	0.04
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander‡	16.70 (7.42 to 37.56)	<0.0001
Native American/Alaska Native‡	1.17 (0.76 to 1.80)	0.48
Multiracial‡	2.00 (1.40 to 2.86)	0.0002
Education
College graduate	1.00 (reference group)
<High school	1.39 (1.12 to 1.73)	0.003
High school/GED	1.48 (1.21 to 1.81)	0.0001
Some college	1.46 (1.19 to 1.79)	0.0003
Income
US$75 000 or more	1.00 (reference group)
<US$20 000	0.76 (0.65 to 0.89)	0.0009
US$20 000–US$49 999	0.84 (0.72 to 0.98)	0.02
US$50 000–US$74 999	0.87 (0.73 to 1.03)	0.11
Marital status
Married	1.00 (reference group)
Never married	1.19 (1.03 to 1.37)	0.02
Divorced, separated or widowed	1.03 (0.87 to 1.21)	0.74
Health insurance§
No	1.00 (reference group)
Yes	0.91 (0.81 to 1.02)	0.11
Time to first cigarette
After 30 min	1.00 (reference group)
Within 30 min	1.30 (1.15 to 1.47)	<0.0001
Cigarettes per day	0.99 (0.99 to 1.00)	0.03

^*Significance of Wald χ² test.

^†Psychological distress categories were derived from published cut-points⁴¹ using the Kessler-6 (K6) measure of psychological distress.³⁵

^‡Respondents were not Hispanic.

^§Includes Medicare, private or military insurance (ie, TRICARE, CHAMPUS, CHAMPVA or VA coverage).

GED, graduate equivalency degree.