Table 1.
Baseline Variables Associated Bivariately (P < 0.10) with Clinically Significant Weight Gain (7%) One Year after Baseline Interview
| Domain and variables | No significant weight gain n=1089 (%) | Significant weight gain n=174 (%) | Odds ratio^ | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | |||||
| Gender (ref=male) | 775 (89.2) | 94 (10.8) | < 0.001 | ||
| Female | 314 (79.7) | 80 (20.3) | 2.10 | 1.52 – 2.91 | |
| Employment-related | |||||
| Fast pace (ref=strongly disagree/disagree) | 277 (89.9) | 31 (10.1) | 0.09 | ||
| Agree | 441 (86.5) | 69 (13.5) | 1.34 | 0.85 – 2.13 | |
| Strongly agree | 366 (83.2) | 74 (16.8) | 1.57 | 0.99 – 2.48 | |
| Returned to paid work by baseline interview (ref=Yes, same job) | 365 (88.6) | 47 (11.4) | 0.02 | ||
| Yes, light duty or different job | 293 (88.0) | 40 (12.0) | 1.02 | 0.65 – 1.61 | |
| No | 431 (83.2) | 87 (16.8) | 1.61 | 1.09 – 2.37 | |
| Pain and function | |||||
| Pain interference with daily activities, past week (0=no interference, ref=0-3)40 | 379 (88.8) | 48 (11.2) | 0.04 | ||
| 4 – 5 | 250 (88.3) | 33 (11.7) | 1.06 | 0.66 – 1.70 | |
| 6 – 7 | 188 (81.7) | 42 (18.3) | 1.75 | 1.11 – 2.76 | |
| 8 – 10 | 270 (84.6) | 49 (15.4) | 1.40 | 0.90 – 2.18 | |
| Clinical status | |||||
| Current health aside from injury (ref=excellent) | 219 (89.0) | 27 (11.0) | 0.01 | ||
| Very good | 424 (88.1) | 57 (11.9) | 1.08 | 0.66 – 1.76 | |
| Good | 336 (84.4) | 62 (15.6) | 1.45 | 0.89 – 2.37 | |
| Fair/poor | 110 (80.3) | 27 (19.7) | 1.90 | 1.06 – 3.43 | |
| Health care | |||||
| Specialty, first provider seen for injury ◇ (ref=primary care) | 412 (88.2) | 55 (11.8) | 0.095 | ||
| Occupational medicine | 60 (78.9) | 16 (21.1) | 2.06 | 1.10 – 3.87 | |
| Chiropractor | 302 (84.6) | 55 (15.4) | 1.46 | 0.97 – 2.20 | |
| Other | 315 (86.8) | 48 (13.2) | 1.19 | 0.78 – 1.82 | |
| Administrative/legal (No significant variables) | |||||
| Health behavior (No significant variables) | |||||
| Psychological | |||||
| Catastrophizing ‡‡ (ref=0-1) | 352 (89.1) | 43 (10.9) | 0.06 | ||
| Low (>1 – <2) | 173 (85.2) | 30 (14.8) | 1.44 | 0.87 – 2.40 | |
| Moderate (2 – <3) | 334 (87.4) | 48 (12.6) | 1.13 | 0.72 – 1.76 | |
| High (3 – 4) | 230 (81.3) | 53 (18.7) | 1.78 | 1.14 – 2.78 | |
| Recovery expectations39 (0-10 scale, 10 = extremely certain will be working in 6 months, ref=10) | 651 (88.8) | 82 (11.2) | 0.01 | ||
| High (7 – 9) | 215 (83.3) | 43 (16.7) | 1.61 | 1.08 – 2.42 | |
| Low (0 – 6) | 198 (81.5) | 45 (18.5) | 1.84 | 1.23 – 2.76 | |
| SF-36 v2 Mental Health ¶ (ref=>50)39 | 449 (88.6) | 58 (11.4) | 0.07 | ||
| 41 – 50 | 275 (87.3) | 40 (12.7) | 1.09 | 0.70 – 1.68 | |
| ≤ 40 | 365 (82.8) | 76 (17.2) | 1.52 | 1.04 – 2.22 |
All measures were obtained from worker baseline interviews unless stated otherwise
Missing, “don't know,” and refusal responses for each variable were combined into one response for each variable (results not shown)
Ref indicates reference group.
^
All odds ratios were adjusted for age and gender, except for gender
¶
Score from the Short-Form-36 version 2 (SF-36v2) Mental Health scale; higher scores indicate better functioning39
◇
From worker's compensation database
‡‡
Mean of responses to three questions from the Pain Catastrophizing scale45