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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014 Sep 2;0:281–294. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.012

Fig 2. Neuroanatomical substrates of inflexible behavior.

Fig 2

Blue regions represent those regions known to be required for the expression of goal-directed reward seeking. Red regions are required for the development or expression of stimulus-response habits. Midbrain DA signaling has been shown to play a role in both forms of behavior. The role for the nucleus accumbens in reward seeking is more complex. One possibility is that through the ‘ascending loops’ of projections from midbrain dopaminergic regions to striatal subregions, glutamate or DA signaling in the NAc shell can ultimately influence activity in dorsal striatum mediation of behavior. A role for the BLA has not yet been explicitly demonstrated, but is likely given its established role in stimulus-outcome learning and the encoding of outcome value. Only the dorsolateral striatum has been explicitly demonstrated to have the same role in habitual alcohol seeking as in habitual food seeking (Corbit et al., 2012).