Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of native-born and first-generation immigrant adults in the United States
| Immigrated to the United States | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 24,461; 84.10%) |
Yes (n = 5363; 15.90%) |
|||||||
| % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Sociodemographic | ||||||||
| Factors | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| 18–34 years | 24.43 | (23.9–24.9) | 29.38 | (28.9–29.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 35–49 years | 31.66 | (31.2–32.1) | 34.92 | (34.4–35.4) | 0.92 | (0.88–0.95) | 1.00 | (0.95–1.05) |
| 50–64 years | 25.45 | (25.0–25.9) | 22.26 | (21.9–22.6) | 0.73 | (0.70–0.76) | 0.98 | (0.92–1.04) |
| 65+ | 18.46 | (18.1–18.8) | 13.44 | (13.1–13.8) | 0.60 | (0.58–0.63) | 0.98 | (0.90–1.07) |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 52.33 | (51.9–52.7) | 50.48 | (50.0–51.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 47.67 | (47.3–48.1) | 49.52 | (49.0–50.0) | 1.08 | (1.05–1.10) | 0.99 | (0.96–1.03) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 80.97 | (80.3–81.6) | 22.21 | (21.8–22.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 12.40 | (11.9–12.9) | 7.78 | (7.5–8.0) | 2.28 | (2.13–2.43) | 2.39 | (2.24–2.55) |
| Hispanic | 3.42 | (3.3–3.6) | 46.18 | (45.6–46.9) | 48.95 | (46.2–51.8) | 45.53 | (43.0–48.2) |
| Other | 3.21 | (2.9–3.5) | 23.74 | (23.2–24.3) | 26.86 | (24.3–29.6) | 26.09 | (23.6–28.8) |
| Household Income | ||||||||
| < $20,000 | 18.77 | (18.4–19.1) | 22.65 | (22.2–23.1) | 1.58 | (1.51–1.64) | 1.12 | (1.02–1.22) |
| $20,000–$34,999 | 18.03 | (17.7–18.4) | 22.23 | (21.8–22.7) | 1.61 | (1.55–1.67) | 1.21 | (1.14–1.29) |
| $35,000–69,999 | 32.89 | (32.5–33.3) | 31.91 | (31.4–32.4) | 1.27 | (1.23–1.31) | 1.10 | (1.05–1.16) |
| > $70,000 | 30.30 | (29.9–30.6) | 23.20 | (22.8–23.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Education Level | ||||||||
| Less than H.S. | 11.16 | (10.8–11.5) | 29.25 | (28.7–29.8) | 2.86 | (2.73–3.00) | 1.29 | (1.20–1.39) |
| H.S. Graduate | 28.89 | (28.4–29.4) | 20.95 | (20.6–21.3) | 0.79 | (0.76–0.82) | 0.60 | (0.57–0.64) |
| Some College | 22.57 | (22.2–22.9) | 15.61 | (15.4–15.9) | 0.75 | (0.73–0.78) | 0.59 | (0.56–0.63) |
| Completed AA, BA, or Technical Degree | 37.37 | (36.9–37.8) | 34.20 | (33.5–34.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Marital Status | ||||||||
| Married/ Cohabitating | 63.57 | (63.1–64.0) | 629.74 | (69.4–70.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Separated/Divorced | 12.46 | (12.2–12.7) | 8.79 | (8.5–9.1) | 0.64 | (0.61–0.67) | 0.60 | (0.56–0.65) |
| Widowed | 6.90 | (6.7–7.1) | 5.33 | (5.2–5.5) | 0.70 | (0.67–0.74) | 0.82 | (0.75–0.90) |
| Never Married | 17.08 | (16.7–17.5) | 16.13 | (15.8–16.4) | 0.86 | (0.83–0.89) | 0.76 | (0.72–0.80) |
| Region of U.S.A. | ||||||||
| Northeast | 18.67 | (18.2–19.2) | 15.15 | (14.7–15.6) | 0.79 | (0.75–0.83) | 0.85 | (0.78–0.93) |
| Midwest | 17.65 | (17.3–18.0) | 22.31 | (21.7–22.9) | 1.23 | (1.18–1.28) | 1.09 | (1.03–1.16) |
| South | 38.76 | (38.2–39.3) | 36.96 | (36.5–37.4) | 0.93 | (0.90–0.96) | 0.91 | (0.86–0.96) |
| West | 24.93 | (24.5–25.4) | 25.57 | (25.1–26.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Urbanicity | ||||||||
| Urban | 67.50 | (66.9–68.1) | 66.71 | (66.1–67.3) | 1.04 | (1.00–1.07) | 1.05 | (0.99–1.11) |
| Rural | 32.50 | (31.9–33.1) | 33.29 | (32.6–33.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Note: Adjusted odds ratios adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, household income, education level, marital status, region of the United States, and urbanicity. Odds ratios in bold are significant at p < .05 or lower