Table 2.
Odds ratios for psychiatric disorders among first- and second-generation immigrant adults in the U.S.A.
| Immigrated to the United States | Second Generation Immigrant | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | AOR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | AOR | (95% CI) | |
| Mood/Anxiety Disorders | ||||||||
| Any Mood/Anxiety Disorder | 0.60 | (0.58–0.62) | 0.70 | (0.67–0.73) | 0.82 | (0.79–0.85) | 0.92 | (0.88–0.96) |
| Generalized Anxiety | 0.55 | (0.52–0.57) | 0.74 | (0.70–0.79) | 0.83 | (0.78–0.88) | 1.00 | (0.93–1.06) |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.69 | (0.66–0.73) | 0.83 | (0.77–0.89) | 0.76 | (0.73–0.80) | 0.86 | (0.81–0.90) |
| Major Depression | 0.58 | (0.55–0.61) | 0.73 | (0.68–0.77) | 0.77 | (0.73–0.80) | 0.86 | (0.82–0.90) |
| Dysthymia | 0.66 | (0.61–0.71) | 0.87 | (0.76–1.00) | 0.91 | (0.85–0.97) | 1.07 | (0.99–1.16) |
| Panic disorder | 0.49 | (0.46–0.51) | 0.62 | (0.58–0.67) | 0.77 | (0.73–0.82) | 0.88 | (0.83–0.93) |
| Social phobia | 0.53 | (0.47–0.58) | 0.69 | (0.60–0.80) | 0.89 | (0.82–0.96) | 1.04 | (0.96–1.13) |
| Specific Phobia | 0.65 | (0.62–0.68) | 0.73 | (0.69–0.78) | 0.75 | (0.72–0.79) | 0.84 | (0.80–0.88) |
| Posttraumatic Stress | 0.62 | (0.60–0.65) | 0.66 | (0.62–0.71) | 0.77 | (0.72–0.82) | 0.84 | (0.79–0.91) |
| Personality Disorders | ||||||||
| Any Personality Disorder | 0.75 | (0.73–0.77) | 0.78 | (0.74–0.82) | 0.90 | (0.87–0.94) | 0.97 | (0.92–1.01) |
| Antisocial | 0.39 | (0.32–0.48) | 0.51 | (0.37–0.71) | 0.81 | (0.74–0.89) | 0.86 | (0.77–0.96) |
| Avoidant | 0.68 | (0.62–0.75) | 0.74 | (0.59–0.91) | 0.75 | (0.66–0.84) | 0.82 | (0.71–0.95) |
| Borderline | 0.50 | (0.48–0.53) | 0.64 | (0.58–0.71) | 0.93 | (0.87–0.99) | 1.11 | (1.03–1.20) |
| Narcissistic | 0.96 | (0.90–1.02) | 1.00 | (0.92–1.08) | 0.99 | (0.93–1.06) | 1.06 | (0.99–1.14) |
| Obsessive-Compulsive | 0.65 | (0.61–0.69) | 0.92 | (0.82–1.03) | 0.84 | (0.79–0.89) | 0.96 | (0.89–1.02) |
| Paranoid | 0.86 | (0.77–0.95) | 0.88 | (0.73–1.06) | 0.94 | (0.85–1.03) | 1.01 | (0.90–1.13) |
| Schizoid | 0.82 | (0.76–0.88) | 0.90 | (0.80–1.01) | 0.90 | (0.81–1.00) | 0.99 | (0.89–1.12) |
| Schizotypal | 0.60 | (0.56–0.64) | 0.69 | (0.62–0.76) | 0.93 | (0.84–1.02) | 1.10 | (1.00–1.21) |
Note: Adjusted odds ratios adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, household income, education level, marital status, region of the United States, urbanicity, and lifetime diagnosis of alcohol and any drug abuse or dependence. Odds ratios in bold are significant at p < .05 or lower.