Figure 2. Changes in the tumor microenvironment with BRAF inhibition.
Patients with metastatic melanoma treated with BRAF inhibitors were biopsied pre-treatment and 10-14 days after treatment initiation. BRAF inhibition is associated with an increase in CD8+ T cells, melanoma differentiation antigen expression, and the immunomodulatory molecule PD-L1. Adapted from Frederick et al., 2013 (12).