Table 6.
Factors associated with CKD prevalence in the Irish health system 1
| Variable | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P-value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted demographics2 | Adjusted all factors3 | |||||
| Demographic factors | ||||||
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 18-39 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | ||||
| 40-59 | 5.0 | (4.32,5.78) | <.0001 | 5.14 | (4.46,5.92) | <.0001 |
| 60-79 | 50.27 | (43.74,57.79) | <.0001 | 51.17 | (44.68,58.59) | <.0001 |
| > = 80 | 265.74 | (230.83,305.88) | <.0001 | 260.66 | (227.26,298.93) | <.0001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Women (vs. men) | 1.17 | (1.13,1.22) | <.0001 | 1.21 | (1.17,1.26) | <.0001 |
| Location of supervision | ||||||
| General Practice (GP) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | ||||
| Emergency room vs. GP | 1.04 | (1.01,1.08) | 0.01 | 0.90 | (0.87,0.94) | <.0001 |
| Inpatient location vs. GP | 1.17 | (1.12,1.23) | < .0001 | 0.87 | (0.83,0.91) | <.0001 |
| Outpatient Department vs. GP | 1.64 | (1.58,1.72) | < .0001 | 1.50 | (1.44,1.57) | <.0001 |
| Outside facility vs. GP | 1.13 | (1.06,1.19) | < .0001 | 1.09 | (1.03,1.15) | 0.004 |
| Calendar Year | ||||||
| 2005 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | ||||
| 2006 vs. 2005 | 0.88 | (0.85,0.90) | < .0001 | 0.87 | (0.84,0.89) | <.0001 |
| 2007 vs. 2005 | 0.79 | (0.76,0.81) | < .0001 | 0.79 | (0.76,0.81) | <.0001 |
| 2008 vs. 2005 | 0.72 | (0.69,0.74) | < .0001 | 0.71 | (0.68,0.73) | <.0001 |
| 2009 vs. 2005 | 0.80 | (0.77,0.82) | < .0001 | 0.78 | (0.76,0.81) | <.0001 |
| 2010 vs. 2005 | 0.74 | (0.72,0.76) | < .0001 | 0.73 | (0.71,0.76) | <.0001 |
| 2011 vs. 2005 | 0.78 | (0.76,0.80) | < .0001 | 0.77 | (0.74,0.79) | <.0001 |
| # Acute Kidney Injury 4 episodes | ||||||
| 0 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | ||||
| 1 vs. 0 | 2.36 | (2.24,2.48) | < .0001 | 2.41 | (2.29,2.54) | <.0001 |
| 2 vs. 0 | 4.11 | (3.71,4.54) | < .0001 | 4.20 | (3.79,4.65) | <.0001 |
| 3 vs. 0 | 7.19 | (5.90,8.77) | < .0001 | 7.39 | (6.06,9.02) | <.0001 |
| 4 vs. 0 | 9.44 | (6.74,13.1) | < .0001 | 9.70 | (6.94,13.55) | <.0001 |
| 5 vs. 0 | 120.0 | (79.7,180.6) | < .0001 | 102.56 | (69.15,152.09) | <.0001 |
| County of Residence | ||||||
| Sligo | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | ||||
| Donegal vs. Sligo | 1.05 | (1.01,1.10) | 0.02 | 1.07 | (1.02,1.11) | 0.0035 |
| Leitrim vs. Sligo | 1.08 | (1.02,1.14) | 0.01 | 1.09 | (1.03,1.16) | 0.0031 |
| Other counties vs. Sligo | 1.03 | (0.97,1.09) | 0.30 | 1.07 | (1.01,1.13) | 0.0244 |
| Primary Hospital 5 | ||||||
| Letterkenny vs. Sligo6 | 1.00 | (0.96,1.03) | 0.88 | |||
1Estimated Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min per 1.73 m2) calculated by the eGFR CKD-EPI formula [21] was used to calculate prevalence.
2Adjusted for age, sex only.
3Adjusted for age, sex, provider location, calendar year, county of residence, acute kidney injury.
4The occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) was based on the KDIGO Definition [16].
5Primary hospital location was not included in the final multivariable model.
6Letterkenny General Hospital is located in county Donegal, while Sligo General Hospital is the primary hospital for the county of Sligo.