Table 1.
Pharmacologic agent |
Animal model |
Outcome assessment | Citations | |
Species name | Mechanism of pancreatitis induction | |||
Anti-secretory agents | ||||
Glucagon | Dog | Duodenal obstruction, pancreatic duct infusion of lactated ringer solution or pancreatic duct infusion of bile-trypsin solution | Not beneficial when compared to simple volume resuscitation | [15] |
Pig | Hemorrhagic pancreatitis induced by bile injection into pancreatic duct | Reduced mortality | [16] | |
Somatostatin | Rat | Taurocholate | No decrease in mortality | [21, 22] |
Protease inhibitors | ||||
Aprotinin | Dog | Hemorrhagic pancreatitis surgically induced | Prophylactic and therapeutic potential | [17-19] |
Chlorophyll-a | Guinea pig | Taurocholate-induced necrotizing pancreatitis | Benefit in survival | [25-27] |
Anti-inflammatory/immunomodulators | ||||
PGE therapy | Rat, mice | Taurocholate, CDE diet, or caerulein | Protective effect | [29-31] |
Indomethacin | Rat | Olive oil or taurocholate | Beneficial particularly early in induction | [32-34] |
Lipoxygenase inhibitor | Rat | Taurocholic acid | Protective effect | [35] |
Steroid | Rat | Caerulein and taurocholate | Decreased inflammation and protective | [37-43] |
IL-10 | Rat, mice | Caerulein | Reduction in severity of disease | [44, 48-50] |
Lexipafant | Rat, mice | Intraductal administration of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate or caerulein | Reduction in severity, SIRS, and bacterial translocation | [46, 47] |
Hemin/panhematin/ biliverdin/CO/IL-22 | Rat, mice | caerulein, taurocholate, or CDE diet | Protective and therapeutic effects | [61-67] |
Anti-TNF alpha | Mice | caerulein, taurocholate, or CDE diet | Decreased inflammatory response and cell death | [72-75] |
Anti-oxidants | ||||
Tempol | Mice | carrageenan injected into pleural cavity | Decrease in inflammation and shock | [54] |
Selenium | Rat | L-arginine hydrochloride | Reduction in pancreatic injury | [53, 145] |
CO: Carbon monoxide; PGE: Prostaglandin E1; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor α; CDE: Choline deficient ethionine-supplemented.