TABLE 2.
aOR Estimates for pFA in Total, New pFA, and High-Risk Groups as a Function of Background Characteristics and Feeding Practices
| Variables | Total pFAa | New pFAb | High-Risk pFAc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | 95% CL | aOR | 95% CL | aOR | 95% CL | |
| Mother’s education | ||||||
| (High school)d | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Associate degree | 2.1 | 0.71–7.01 | 2.15 | 0.58–10.26 | 1.74 | 0.42–8.72 |
| Some college | 1.89 | 0.73–5.86 | 2.6 | 0.83–11.43 | 2.16 | 0.66–9.77 |
| Bachelor | 2.95* | 1.16–9.12 | 3.15† | 1.03–13.83 | 3.18† | 1.02–14.08 |
| Postgraduate | 1.89 | 0.63–6.49 | 2.38 | 0.67–11.25 | 2.13 | 0.58–10.29 |
| Race | ||||||
| (Non-Hispanic white) | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 0.99 | 0.15–3.72 | 1.08 | 0.17–4.09 | 1.48 | 0.22–6.20 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 0.74 | 0.16–2.25 | 0.55 | 0.09–2.03 | 0.83 | 0.13–3.08 |
| Hispanic | 1.49 | 0.54–3.48 | 1.48 | 0.49–3.68 | 1.97 | 0.63–5.19 |
| Non-Hispanic other | 0.33 | 0.02–1.75 | NE | — | NE | — |
| Income/percent of federal poverty level | ||||||
| (<185%) | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| ≥185% | 1.70† | 0.99–3.00 | 2.53** | 1.32–5.16 | 3.19** | 1.57–6.99 |
| Child’s gender | ||||||
| (Female) | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Male | 1.17 | 0.74–1.86 | 1.15 | 0.70–1.92 | 1.31 | 0.76–2.29 |
| Parity | ||||||
| (No sibling) | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| 1 sibling | 0.81 | 0.41–1.68 | 0.69 | 0.34–1.48 | 0.58 | 0.26–1.32 |
| ≥2 siblings | 0.78 | 0.39–1.66 | 0.56 | 0.26–1.26 | 0.56 | 0.25–1.32 |
| Type of delivery | ||||||
| (Vaginal) | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Cesarean | 1.37 | 0.84–2.21 | 1.31 | 0.76–2.21 | 1.23 | 0.67–2.21 |
| Family history of food allergy | ||||||
| (No) | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| Yes | 1.86* | 1.12–3.03 | 1.90* | 1.08–3.28 | — | — |
| Family history of other atopy | ||||||
| (No) | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| Yes | 1.26 | 0.80–2.01 | 0.89 | 0.53–1.50 | — | — |
| Reported eczema before age 1 y | ||||||
| (No) | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| Yes | 3.69** | 2.31–5.91 | 3.47** | 2.05–5.86 | — | — |
| Maternal tobacco smoke exposure | ||||||
| (No) | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Yes | 1.26 | 0.60–2.51 | 0.96 | 0.40–2.10 | 1.1 | 0.45–2.51 |
| Other tobacco smoke exposure in home | ||||||
| (No) | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Yes | 1.42 | 0.64–2.98 | 1.5 | 0.61–3.39 | 1.81 | 0.70–4.34 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding duration | ||||||
| (0 mo) | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| 1–3 mo | 0.72 | 0.42–1.23 | 0.78 | 0.43–1.38 | 0.81 | 0.42–1.51 |
| ≥ 4 mo | 0.69 | 0.36–1.29 | 0.51† | 0.24–1.03 | 0.58 | 0.26–1.25 |
| Complementary food introduction by infant age | ||||||
| (1–3 mo) | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| 4–5 mo | 0.83 | 0.47–1.45 | 0.98 | 0.53–1.80 | 0.91 | 0.46–1.77 |
| 6–12 mo | 0.93 | 0.45–1.86 | 0.87 | 0.37–1.89 | 0.96 | 0.40–2.20 |
| Not reportede | 0.64 | 0.21–1.60 | 0.84 | 0.28–2.29 | 0.69 | 0.19–1.95 |
CL, confidence limits; NE, not established due to insufficient numbers. —, denote logistic regression reference variables for background characteristics, feeding practices and high risk group. †P < .10, *P < .05, **P < .01.
Includes all children who had pFA at age 6 years.
Includes children who had pFA at age 6 years but did not have pFA at age 1 year.
Includes children with pFA at age 6 years and any of the following: family history of food allergy, family history of other atopy, or reported eczema before age 1 year.
Reference categories are indicated by parentheses.
Includes children not reported to have complementary foods introduced during the IFPS II year 1 survey.