. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.

Published in final edited form as: Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2015 Feb;29(1):1–27. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2014.09.005

Table 4.

Prospective cohort studies of post-diagnosis BMI, kg/m² and survival outcomes in colorectal cancer patients

First author (year), name of cohort, country	Study participants	Median Years of Follow-up	Relative risk/Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)		Adjustment factors

Meyerhardt (2003),³⁶ National Cancer Institute INT-0089, U.S.A.	3,759 Both Genders Colon	9.4 years	All-cause mortality		Age, race, baseline, performance status, bowel obstruction, bowel perforation, Duke stage, presence of peritoneal implants, predominant macroscopic pathologic feature, and completion chemotherapy
			Female
			<21	1.08 (0.87–1.35)
			21–24.9	Referent
			25.0–27.49	1.18 (0.94–1.49)
			27.5–29.9	1.23 (0.95–1.60)
			≥30	1.34 (1.07–1.67)
			Male
			<21	1.33 (1.05–1.67)
			21–24.9	Referent
			25.0–27.49	1.03 (0.87–1.22)
			27.5–29.9	0.96 (0.78–1.17)
			≥30	0.94 (0.77–1.15)
			Both
			<21	1.15 (0.98–1.35)
			21–24.9	Referent
			25.0–27.49	1.10 (0.95–1.26)
			27.5–29.9	1.05 (0.90–1.24)
			≥30	1.11 (0.96–1.29)

Meyerhardt (2004),⁵³ National Cancer Institute INT-0114, U.S.A.	1,688 Both genders Rectal	9.9 years	All-cause mortality		Age, race, nodal status, extent of tumor invasion, clinical bowel obstruction, and distance from anal verge
			Female
			<21	1.29 (0.87–1.91)
			21–24.9	Referent
			25.0–27.49	0.75 (0.49–1.16)
			27.5–29.9	0.89 (0.61–1.33)
			≥30	0.94 (0.66–1.33)
			Male
			<21	1.62 (1.08–2.43)
			21–24.9	Referent
			25.0–27.49	1.07 (0.86–1.33)
			27.5–29.9	0.99 (0.79–1.25)
			≥30	1.19 (0.94–1.52)
			Both
			<21	1.43 (1.08–1.89)
			21–24.9	Referent
			25.0–27.49	0.97 (0.80–1.17)
			27.5–29.9	0.95 (0.78–1.15)
			≥30	1.09 (0.9–1.33)

Dignam (2006),³⁷ National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Randomized Trials, U.S.A.	4288 Female Colon	11.2 years	All-cause mortality		Age, sex, race, performance status, number of positive lymph nodes, presence of bowel obstruction, and treatment
			<21.0	1.49 (1.17–1.91)
			21.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	1.02 (0.91–1.14)
			30–34.9	1.11 (0.96–1.28)
			≥30	1.28 (1.04–1.57)

Meyerhardt (2008),³⁸ National Cancer Institute CALGB 89803, U.S.A.	1,053 Both Genders Colon	5.3 years	All-cause mortality		Sex, age, depth of invasion through bowel wall, number of positive lymph node, presence of clinical perforation at time of surgery, presence of bowel obstruction, baseline CEA, grade of tumor differentiation, baseline performance status, treatment arm, weight change between first and second questionnaire, BMI at the time or second questionnaire, and time between study entry and completion of second questionnaire
			<21.0	1.07 (0.61–1.87)
			21.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.72 (0.50–1.03)
			30–34.9	0.90 (0.61–1.34)
			≥30	0.87 (0.54–1.42)

Sinicrope (2010),³⁹ ACCENT Group database, U.S.A.	4,381 Both Genders Colon	8 years	All-cause mortality		age, stage, treatment, and sex
			Female
			<20.0	1.32 (1.05–1.67)
			20.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	1.18 (0.94–1.49)
			30–34.9	1.24 (1.01–1.53)
			≥30	1.11 (0.84–1.45)
			Male
			<20.0	1.14 (0.81–1.61)
			20.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.82 (0.71–0.95)
			30–34.9	0.94 (0.78–1.15)
			≥30	1.35 (1.02–1.79)
			Both
			<20.0	1.24 (1.03–1.5)
			20.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.90 (0.80–1.00)
			30–34.9	1.07 (0.93–1.23)
			≥30	1.19 (0.98–1.45)

Baade (2011),⁵ Queensland, Australia	2,561 Both Genders Colon and Rectal	4.9 years	CRC specific mortality		Age, sex, stage at diagnosis, smoking, site of tumor, treatment (surgery only vs. surgery and adjuvant therapy)
			<18.5	1.74 (0.85, 3.58)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.75 (0.59–0.97)
			≥30	1.34 (0.70–2.58)
			Unknown	1.34 (0.70–2.58)
			All-cause mortality
			<18.5	2.29 (1.47–3.59)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.75 (0.61–0.94)
			≥30	0.78 (0.59–1.03)
			Unknown	0.94 (0.51–1.74)

Chin (2012),⁴⁰ China	2,765 Both Genders Colon and Rectal	5 years	CRC specific mortality		Tumor, nodes, metastasis stage, age, gender, comorbidities, carcinoembryonic antigen, hemoglobin, albumin, operative timing, postoperative morbidity, tumor location, histologic type, and histologic grade
			Female
			<18.5	1.16 (0.75–1.82)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.96 (0.60–1.43)
			≥30	1.11 (0.84–1.43)
			Male
			<18.5	1.46 (0.84–2.52)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.96(0.69–1.32)
			≥30	1.21(0.83–1.77)
			Both
			<18.5	1.33 (0.94–1.87)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.96 (0.76–1.2)
			≥30	1.06 (0.80–1.41)
			All-cause mortality
			Female
			<18.5	1.55 (1.11–2.16)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.95 (0.71–1.27)
			≥30	0.99 (0.69–1.41)
			Male
			<18.5	1.55 (1.03–2.35)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.77 (0.58–1.01)
			≥30	0.91 (0.66–1.25)
			Both
			<18.5	1.58 (1.23–2.05)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.83 (0.68–1.01)
			≥30	0.94 (0.68–1.01)

Kuiper (2012),¹⁰ Women’s Health Initiative, U.S.A.	676 Female Colon and Rectal	11.9 years	CRC specific mortality		Age, study arm, time from diagnosis to measurement, pre-diagnostic BMI, tumor stage, ethnicity, education, alcohol, smoking, hormone therapy use
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.45 (0.22–0.92)
			≥30	0.95 (0.49–1.85)
			All-cause mortality
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.78 (0.47–1.27)
			≥30	1.09 (0.65–1.83)

Campbell (2013),¹⁷ Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort, U.S.A.	2,303 Both Genders Colon and Rectal	6.8 years	CRC specific mortality		Age, sex, smoking status, BMI, red meat intake, tumor stage, leisure-time spent sitting, education
			Female
			<18.5	0.39 (0.12–1.32)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.81 (0.50, 1.31)
			≥30	1.09 (0.60, 2.01)
			Male
			<18.5	2.48 (0.55–11.3)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.91 (0.61–1.34)
			≥30	1.29 (0.82–2.01)
			Both
			<18.5	0.64 (0.25–1.60)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.87 (0.65–1.17)
			≥30	1.14 (0.81–1.60)
			All-cause mortality vs. BMI, kg/m²
			Female
			<18.5	1.19 (0.65–2.18)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.84 (0.60–1.16)
			≥30	1.19 (0.79–1.78)
			Male
			<18.5	2.78 (1.29–5.96)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.82 (0.66–1.03)
			≥30	0.89 (0.67–1.18)
			Both
			<18.5	1.30 (0.82–2.06)
			18.5.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.83 (0.70–1.00)
			≥30	0.93 (0.75–1.17)

Sincrope (2013),⁴¹ National Cancer Institute and conducted by Mayo Clinic/North Central Cancer Treatment Group and the Southwest Oncology group, U.S.A.	25.291 Both Genders Colon	7.8 years	All-cause mortality		age, stage, treatment, and sex
			Female
			<20.0	1.12 (1.00–1.25)
			20.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	1.05 (0.97–1.14)
			30–34.9	1.10 (0.99–1.23)
			≥35	1.07 (0.93–1.24)
			Male
			<20.0	1.39 (1.21–1.60)
			20.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	0.95 (0.87–1.02)
			30–34.9	1.10 (1.99–1.2)
			≥35	1.16 (1.0–1.35)
			Both
			<20.0	1.21 (1.11–1.32)
			20.0–24.9	Referent
			25.0–29.9	1.10 (1.04–1.17)
			30–34.9	1.10 (1.02–1.18)
			≥35	1.11 (1.00–1.23)